@moritz sulzer,
The present perfect is used to show that a past event still has some relevance or influence on the present, and perhaps the future.
Your sample sentences have two clauses, each with a different subject/verb. The event in the first clause, "During my career..." is still relevant to the present, as it's showing your work history/level of expertise, so the present perfect is the correct choice.
I don't think the event in which the papers were published is very relevant to the present. I would use the simple past for that clause.
I think 2) is the sentence I'd write, but I wouldn't raise an issue with anyone who thinks that the publishing of the papers is still relevant and prefers 1), either.