what are the differences between"while" and "when"?

Very little difference. I do make a distinction for students who are learning English, but this is only for past tenses. I encourage the use of 'when' with the simple past and "while" with the progressive.

When the doorbell rang, I jumped. While I was talking on the phone, the doorbell rang. While it was raining I was running through the park.

Give up.

I'll see you when you get past these old canards.

(It may take a while..)