@neologist,
Quote:Most atheists and agnostics believe the same.
Maybe the loud-mouthed, pushy atheists and agnostics. Any one with a lick of sense could probably figure out that the largest cause of human suffering in the modern age is economic inequality. When the rice crop goes bust, and commodities traders have large blocks of rice futures, which they then intend to hold on to while the price goes up, i guaran-damn-tee ya that millions are going to suffer, perhaps more than a billion, as rice is the most widely used grain for feeding people (while more corn is grown than rice, most of it is not for human consumption).
There was a time, thousands of years ago, when organized religion was a positive factor in human societies. Temple societies organized labor, and land and water resources to produce surpluses of food which not only meant that no one went hungry but that hosts of priests, acolytes, weavers, potters, carpenters, wheelwrights and cartwrights would be organized to practice economies of scale. The priests and acolytes were a useful part of the equation because they had generations of accumulated data on rainfall patterns and flooding which were crucial to successful, large-scale agriculture. They also made accurate observations of the stars which allowed them to predict the seasons, and therefor the rain and flooding cycles.
But the success of temple societies brought a population explosion which had warfare in its train. That lead to the rise of aristocracy and kings, and the priests of the temples found themselves in competition for the role of authority figures. Nevertheless, they continued to provide a crucially useful function in society.
The earliest occurrence of the attempt to enforce religious adherence of which i know was by the Pythagoreans in the 5th century BCE. It wasn't entirely successful, though, because influential Greeks were not impressed. This may also have been the time of when large numbers of atheists arose, and ridiculed or ignored religious beliefs. Certainly, those are the earliest times of which i know when people were at pains to argue against atheism. But it wasn't until the rise of Christianity and then Islam that things got really nasty. Even then, religious leaders had to convince military leaders that there was something in it for them to get them to go to war. Religion is a wonderful excuse to start a war, but it doesn't feed men and horses and it doesn't pay anyone.
The only large scale civilization o which i know which was organized well without benefit of clergy was in China. The aristocracy believed in a spirit world and an afterlife, but given that they didn't care if the peasants lived or died, so long as the rice and the taxes kept coming in, i know of no one who attempted to impose religious conformity on the people. Ancestor worship was the most common "religious" expression of the majority of the Chinese people. Confucius was the source of a moral compass for the people and for government, especially after his teaching received the Han seal of approval.
All in all, organized religion was probably a good thing for mankind. Unfortunately, its been about 2000 years since that was generally true.