@oristarA,
Quote:In summary, the rhetoric of The Selfish Gene exactly reverses the real situation: through metaphor genes are endowed with properties only sentient beings can posses, such as selfishness, while sentient beings are stripped of these properties and called machines (robots).[3]
I think "through" is correct, but there should be a comma there, after metaphor.
Through (the use of)
metaphor, genes are endowed with properties only sentient beings can posses, such as selfishness;
and again through the use of metaphor, sentient beings are stripped of these properties and called machines (robots).[3]
Like when you figuratively call someone a machine because s/he is methodical, tireless, or consistently productive (Merriam-Webster Collegiate Dictionary).