@GracieGirl,
I own a cat and dog so I have a bit of experience on the matter.
What many others have said - one thing I'd suggest with the scratching post - I found the cardboard ones the best - many come with catnip and you sprinkle the cat nip into the cardboard. This will attract the cat to use the scratching post.
I did have both my cats declawed. I had specific personal reasons with this that I will not get into. (Yes - I will now get lots of hate mail.) If you do, do this while they are young and some vets will not do it. It isn't always necessary though to keep a cat from clawing furniture - some of it depends on the cat and how well you are able to train it from clawing on things it should not.
My dog loves the cat, but the cat does not like him - there really is little problem. Just sometimes funny when the dog tries to get the cat to play wit him.
But we had the cat first. Getting a kitten, it is more likely to get along with the dog. I've had many friends that have cats and dogs - sometimes it takes a trial period where they "fight" - working out their turf issues and then suddenly it seems to end. Worst case I've seen is where they tolerate each other.