@longknowledge,
I posted this on another thread, but think it's also relevant here.
From indiaenvironmentportal.com:
Quote:
‘Indians might be the first human migrants'
Gene M130 is a marker of the first human migration out of Africa. R M Pitchappan, who teaches immunology at the Madurai Kamaraj University in Tamil Nadu, tells Narayani Ganesh that he found this in the DNA of members of a community in a village near Madurai: Are Indians the first ever migrants out of Africa? The first human migration occurred 50-70,000 years ago when we moved out of Africa and into India through the coastal region via the land bridge when sea levels were low. We have found traces (gene markers) of this migration in communities living near Madurai; so Indians might be the first human migrants.
Interesting subject; god.
My recent journey to India was also an education about the early religions of India. Let me try to summarize from the many pages on the subject provided to us by our Tour Director in India into a few paragraphs to share what he told us.
First of all, when dictionaries defined what religion was, they had two important components; 1) a scripture, and 2) a founder. However, when it came to Hinduism, Hindus had their scripture, but no particular founder. That's the reason we find most dictionaries describing Hinduism “a way of life” rather than a religion.
Thousands of years ago when the people of Europe and central Asia looked for warmer climates, they settled in Iran and India. They called themselves the “noble breed ones” - the Aryans. They brought their religion called Hinduism into India. Since the Aryans were more advanced in their use of horses and weapons, they suppressed the indigenous people and imposed their religion on them.
The ancient religious literature of India is divided into two kinds. One is called Sruthi and the other Smriti. The word Shruti means that which was heard. The Vedas fell into this category and was considered divinely inspired. The word Sruthi is much like the word al-koran in Islam which also means that which is heard. The other kind of religious literature is called Smriti based on human authorship. The Hindus are asked to refer to the Vedas as the ultimate source of knowledge.
The word Veda simply means knowledge or perception. It is a compilation or an anthology of poems recited by seers at various times.
When the Aryans first settled in the south of the river Sindhu, there was no name called Hinduism. The letter S was pronounced as H by the Arabs who called the people south of the river Hindu.
When the Greek traveler Megasthenes wanted to write about India, he took the word Indu and produced a work called Indica, and from that name came the word India.
Certain religious organizations in India have taken the mantle to convert people into Hinduism. They simply had to believe in the five tenets to be a Hindu.
1.Sanatan Dharma – or eternal faith. Life has always been here and life will always be here.
2.Vasudeva Kodambakkam – that all creatures of life come from one creator and everything is one family of the creator.
3.Ishta Devata – is the freedom to worship god in any form a person likes
4.Adhikara Bheda is much as one wants to be accepted as they are, the same respect needs to be given to all the creatures. Everybody's ego is accepted as it is.
5.Lastly, the faith in the Vedas as the ultimate scripture.
There are 29 different languages spoken in India with over than 1-million speakers of those languages.
On Buddhism:
The Hindus who believes in god, the Buddhist who are agnostics, and the Jains who denies the existence of god still have one common ingredient in all religions born in India, and that's the concept of Karma – where one is, birth after birth thrown into the cycle of birth and death, reincarnation again and again in this rotating wheel of life without any freedom. Any desire was bondage that was severed only through extinguishing all desires and renunciation of all. Sanayasa is what they call it in Sanskrit.
Many strange things happened when the Buddha was born. When the Buddha was born, it was by tearing open the belly of his mother, Maya Devi. She did not feel any pain, but died fulfilled and in bliss. As soon as Buddha was born, it took seven steps in all directions then lay back in its original position. The astrologers predicted that it was a definite sign of a very noble birth. Buddha was christened Gautama Siddhartha, or the accomplished one. Buddha's exposure to the outside world happened later in life, because his father forbade him to go outside the palace grounds. When he saw sickly and dead people, he wondered if that could happen to him, and his charioteer said yes. He disappeared for ten years, but appears back as the Buddha – the enlightened one; he became god.
Many came to listen to his first sermon at Sarnath. (I was there during my first visit to India in ___).
Compared to the Sermon on the Mount by Christ, the Buddha eloquently defined his most important mission – to set in motion the wheel of justice (Dhamma), and delivers the first discourse to his five friends about the wheel of justice – the Dhammacakkappavattana Sutta. The Buddha sent his first five disciples to every part of the country.
With the Buddha, patience was the most important virtue. The journey was more important than the destination. The journey was in fact the destination. (I'll have to remember that.)
The Buddha demystified many things and taught meditation as a pure therapeutic technique without any religious tags attached.
The Three Universal Truths of Buddha:
1.Everything in life is impermanent and always changing.
2.Because nothing is permanent, a life based on possessing things or persons doesn't make you happy.
3.There is no eternal, unchanging soul and “self” is just a collection of changing characteristic attributes.
The Four Noble Truths:
1.Suffering exists in life.
2.The cause of this suffering is attachment.
3.The cessation of suffering is attainable
4.There exists a path to achieve cessation of suffering.
You can become god.
I believe this is an earlier period establishment of religion that Ortega identified as originating in the early 5c BC in Ephesus with the same philosophical formulation of religious ideas.
NOTE: You can also visit my travelogue on South India at travelpod.com. Look for me as c.i.222. Let me know what you think.