@Ding an Sich,
Ding an Sich wrote:
guigus wrote:
TheoryJester wrote:
Im still trying to understand how they can be the same? It defies logic, everything in this reality has some kind of molecular structure, 'nothing' does not its completely opposite
It defies a certain type of logic, namely, the formal simplification of Aristotelian logic born in the nineteenth century -- which we call "Classical." Since you are evoking physics, just take a look at the quantum variety of it, and you'll see how that kind of logic fails. Logic today is a very broad branch of knowledge, and there are many types of logic, far beyond the Classical variety you are mistaking for the only existing one.
Actually, what they call "Quantum Logic" is simply a logic that is a weaker system of Classical logic. It still uses some of the axioms but not all, e.g., law of excluded middle.
It does not defy it, it is simply not applicable. It's a misuse of the Classical system.
But yes there are many different logics, each with its own use. You have alethic, epistemic, deontic, locative, topological, dynamic, etc. and their second-order versions as well.
Stop thinking of Classical logic as being the mother of all kinds of logic: it is not. The father of the principles that Classical logic claims as its own was Aristotle, which was also the first one to question those principles in the very moment he was creating them: they are problematic from birth.
There is a very common misconception that Classical logic has something to do with philosophical truth, when it actually doesn't: Classical logic gives away on the problem of truth so it can transform the three laws of Aristotle into three equivalent theorems that, like many others, can be derived from a set of axioms. It is just an axiomatic system, as arbitrary as any other.
The quantum facts, on the other hand, are anything but arbitrary, and they demand another logic. Pay attention to this:
the physical facts demand another logic.
Last but not least, you forgot to mention paraconsistent and intuitionistic logics, which are much more importantly different from Classical logic than the logics you cited. And again, the first references to those logics were made by Aristotle.
