@LWSleeth,
LWSleeth wrote:1. How do you know randomness decided the genetic changes which contributed organ-building parts?
2. Even if mutation provided the right parts, how do you know selection for fitness alone will get so creative as to produce organs?
There are four terms in your questions that I think are possible causes for confusion. They are 'know', 'decide', 'random' and 'fit'.
'Decide' is misleading. No real decision was made. Random elements were non-randomly selected and the results stuck.
Philosophically I don't 'know' anything about anything really - let alone a process that occurred billions of years ago. I probably will use the word 'know' when talking about evolution as a convenient shortcut for 'the theories suggest something so well backed up from fossil evidence and organisms alive today that it satisfies me better than non-scientific theory and offers a far better explanation than any competing scientific theory'.
Changes do occur randomly, think of a mole on your skin. It is a dark spot - like the first eyes are theorised to be. Raised areas or dimples in your skin also occur randomly, such as those behind the first eyes that led them on the path to becoming compound or pinhole camera eyes. These are very simple random mutations.
However, the selection processes on an animal with these changes are
not random beyond the environment it finds itself in. The organism with the light sensitive spot will be much better able to find energy than it's spotless competitors. More energy = more likely to breed. More offspring means more liklihood of inherited characteristics such as light sensative spots.
Mutation - random.
Natural Selection - non-random selection from populations of organsims, some of which will have random mutations making them more likely to be selected.
Finally fitness isn't necessarily anything to do with strength or health (though they often help). 'Fit for the task' is closer to the point - provided the task is 'reach sexual maturity and produce offspring who will then go on to reach sexual maturity and produce offspring'.
Given these terms the theory of how the eye developed from a simple spot to complex eyes is very explained - I suggest the wiki page on the subject as it is well illustrated and explained with handy references to animals alive today who have eyes from all stages of the proposed process.
Evolution of the eye - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Quote:These two central features of Darwinistic evolution theory are merely assumed; there is absolutely NO conclusive evidence, nada, none that randomness and NS are capable of creative complex system building.
This claim is only credible because of your clever use of the word conclusive. There is no conclusive evidence for ... well ... anything really. You can't conclusively prove the existence of pluto, or that planes flew into the world trade centre on 9/11.
What there is is masses of evidence backing up a theory which predated but predicted discoveries such as those of genetics and DNA.
Quote: . . it is assumed because it is how physicalisitc, usually religion-hating atheists, prematurely appropriate credit away from creationists for explaining creation.
There are loads of religious believers who accept evolution, it is not an atheist assertation by any means. It causes no controversy in pantheistic societies. It is only monotheistic beleivers in a creation story who tend to have problems with it.
I see three distinct responses to evolutionary theory:
1) Crediting a scientific explanation as to how the world works and therefore accepting evolution as the best current theory for how life evolved.
2) Crediting a religious explanation as to how the world works and seeing evolution as some sort of pattern left by God.
3) Perverting both religion and science by giving creedance to creationist science and it's charlatanry.
Quote:What they usually do is a red-herring move to take the real issue off subject by making the debate between the concepts of life having slowly developed vs. near-instant creationism. Everyone who's studied the evidence with an open mind knows gradual development took place, but nobody actually knows what the forces were that drove the creative building of organ systems. Nonetheless, no evolutionist ever touches the mutation/NS question, and instead incessantly lists tons of evidence showing the substantial genetic and fossil evidence of gradual change.
Absolutely EVERY book I have read on the subject devotes very extensive and detailed study to mutation and natural selection. A number of YouTube clips, wiki articles and websites also investigate it - all you have to do is a bit of reading if you are genuinely curious about the matter.
Quote:The only thing ever "proved" in regard to the physicalism theory is that simple adaption of a trait of an already-created complex organ system can occur. A bigger bird beak can be selected, or a darker moth color, but it can't be shown (not even close) that selection/mutation created the beak or moth wings in the first place. It's all grand theory when it comes to mutation/NS, yet science is supposed to be observation, not pure theory. A heater with a thermostat can cause the heater to "adapt" to temperature changes, should we assume the thermostat created the heater?
So are you saying that the theory of relativity is not science?
Or that theories about cosmology are not science?
I see opponents of evolution trot out this "it's only a theory" thing over and over again.
Science deals in theory all the time.
The theories that get accepted are the ones that have the most evidence to support them and that do not get trumped by better theories.
For example - at the time of Darwin a scientist called lamarck suggested that animals inherited traits due to their way of life - a giraffe spends all day trying to reach tall leaves, therefore it stretches it's neck, therefore it's neck gets longer and this is passed down to its children.
But there was a lot of evidence to show Lamarck's theory had problems (eg: chop off a giraffe's leg and it's children will still have four legs).
On the other hand all the main points raised by Darwin were actually reinforced by following discoveries:
1) Gregor Mendel's work on genetics shows us how inherited traits are passed on, and how some traits are recessive and others dominant.
2) The fossil record gets more comprehensive as time goes on, and abberations such as a mammal evolving before a reptile have not been found.
3) The discovery of DNA shows us how traits are carried on chemical molecules.
To say 'it's only a theory and therefore not scientific' is to fundamentally misunderstand both evolution AND science. Science deals in theory.
Quote:Why is it improper to assume mutation/NS are the creative forces? As I said before, if the universe is conscious, where else would it have asserted its creative effort while it evolving life forms but at the genetic level? And because the issue of what created life is in truth actually still open, physicalistic theorists should stop pretending the issue is closed.
I don't think it's improper to assume anything - but the only assumption to carry much scientific evidence with it is Darwin's.