@DrewDad,
DrewDad wrote:An iceboat's speed can be faster than the wind, but only when moving across the wind. But point the iceboat downwind, the speed drops off, and it can never average a speed downwind faster than the wind itself.
Correct. That's why sailboats never travel directly downwind to win a race. They can achieve higher speeds by impacting the wind at an angle.
DrewDad wrote:These folks are claiming that the car can go downwind indefinitely at 2.85x the speed of the wind. I'm not seeing where the energy to do so is coming from.
It's not "energy" which is being added to the system, it's velocity. The system is exchanging torque (or power) for velocity.
Sailboats don't move "off the line" quickly by using the same sail angle that they will ultimately use when traveling. To start out with they use a shallow wind angle to generate more power for getting going, but once they are moving the efficiency of the sail at a sharper angle can be used to deflect the wind at a higher velocity and it's this velocity which is translated into speed.
The land vehicle is doing the same thing, but it is using a propeller (another type of airfoil, just like a sail) in conjunction with wheels geared to the ground, so create an effective "angle" to the wind even though it is traveling directly downwind.
DrewDad wrote:That being said, I'm not seeing how that little car manages to climb up the incline of the treadmill. I suppose there could be a fan blowing on it, that's out of frame.
The car moves up the treadmill by the same principle. It replicates a situation in which the "real world" vehicle is already traveling with the wind and is essentially in "still wind" conditions.
It seems counter intuitive because you are equating "energy" with "speed" and they are not the same thing. No "Energy" is being created by the system any more than changing gears on your car makes it go faster.
Maybe that's the best way to think about it... if your car engine runs at a constant power output, but you change gears, the car will travel at different speeds, but the power being used to push it is always the same. The only difference is that you're exchanging torque for speed.