Which = cytokines?

Yes.

Thanks

Background and Aims: Acute pancreatitis is an inflammatory process involving pancreatic tissue edema, acinar cell damage, neutrophil infiltration and the rapid production and release of inflammatory cytokines, which play a dominant role in local pancreatic inflammation and systemic complications.

(all) which/ play

so it refers to the entire list: edema, damage, $infiltration and production and release

Sullyfish is correct. You can see this by moving 'which' to the front, as in 1 or adding 'all of', as in 2.

1. Acute pancreatitis is an inflammatory process which involves pancreatic tissue edema, acinar cell damage, neutrophil infiltration and the rapid production and release of inflammatory cytokines. [which] They (all) play a dominant role in local pancreatic inflammation and systemic complications.

2. Acute pancreatitis is an inflammatory process involving pancreatic tissue edema, acinar cell damage, neutrophil infiltration and the rapid production and release of inflammatory cytokines, all ofwhich play a dominant role in local pancreatic inflammation and systemic complications.