Tragically, political violence has been the bane of modern South Asia, from Afghanistan and Pakistan east to Bangladesh. Militants and fanatics of all stripes and dogmas and grievances have assassinated leaders since much of the region gained independence from Britain in the mid 1940s. It has been a formidable hindrance to development of political institutions.
In New Delhi, Mohandas K. Gandhi was killed in 1948 by an outraged Hindu. Pakistan's first prime minister, Liaquat Ali Khan, was assassinated in 1951--in the same Rawalpindi park where Benazir Bhutto was attacked--and General Zia ul-Haq perished in a still mysterious plane crash in 1988. In Sri Lanka in 1959, Prime Minister S.W.R.D Bandaranaike fell victim to a fanatic Buddhist monk, the first of two generations of more than a half-dozen leading politicians to die in shootings and bombings. (Tamil Tiger rebels would later try but fail to kill Bandaranaike's daughter, Chandrika Kumaratunga, when she was president.) Sheikh Mujibir Rahman, founder and first Prime Minister of independent Bangladesh, was murdered in 1975; in 1981 Bangladeshi President Ziaur Rahman, was shot in an army coup. Nepal's entire royal family was wiped out in one evening in Kathmandu in 2001, apparently by a disaffected crown prince.
Hindus and Muslims killed one another by the hundreds of thousands after the partition of British India in 1947 into Pakistan and modern India. And compared with Pakistan since then, India has experienced much more large-scale sectarian and political violence, with thousands of Sikhs butchered in the streets of Delhi and elsewhere in North India after Indira Gandhi's assassination in 1984, and up to 2,000 Muslims slaughtered by Hindu nationalists in Gujarat--Mahatma Gandhi's birthplace--in 2002. In both cases, political parties have been deeply implicated yet no political leader has been punished--in a democracy.
As the world mourns the loss of Benazir Bhutto, it would be myopic to focus only on Islamic-inspired violence and on Pakistan. This is a region with a turbulent post-independence political history. Our (Islamophobic?) preoccupation with Muslim terrorism in Pakistan and Afghanistan often blocks out a bigger picture. From end to end, South Asia is a region drenched in blood.
http://www.thenation.com/doc/20080107/crossette2