Historical Witches and Witchtrials in North America
Compiled by Marc Carlson
North America
(N.b.: An Asterisk indicates someone who was specifically involved in the Salem Proceedings (1692), regardless of their town of origin)
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Date Place # Name Sex Notes and sources:
16?? NEngl/MA 1 Dutch, Grace f Accused? (Source: Heyrman, Christine. Commerce and Culture, The Maritime Communities of Colonial Massachusetts, 1650-1750))
1622 (9/11) VA/Jamestown 1 Wright, Goodwife Joan f Although she was arraigned, she was not clearly tried. Her husband was Robert Wright and they had been married for 16 years, apparently in Virginia. (Source: Davis, Richard Beale "The Devil in Virginia in the Seventeenth Century" Virginia Magazine of History and Biography 65 (1957) 131-49.) [N.B. although were they to have been married in Virginia, it would have been in 1606, thereby predating the colony of Jamestown]
1631 New Mexico, Santa Fe 1 ? f Mother. A mother and a daughter, charged with witchcraft for midwifery. It doesn't appear to ever have come to trial. (Source: Hill, David V.. The Interconnexion, 1996 [n.b. I am trying to backtrail this citation as it seems to have vanished. You may want to discount it].
1631 New Mexico, Santa Fe 1 ? f Daughter. A mother and a daughter, charged with witchcraft for midwifery. It doesn't appear to ever have come to trial. (Source: Hill, David V.. The Interconnexion, 1996 [n.b. I am trying to backtrail this citation as it seems to have vanished. You may want to discount it].)
1641 Virginia 1 Barker, Mrs. George f Accused by Jane Rookens, the court acquitted her, and the Jane Rooken's husband was charged to pay the Barker's court fees. (Source: Davis, Richard Beale "The Devil in Virginia in the Seventeenth Century" Virginia Magazine of History and Biography 65 (1957) 131-49.)
1645 NEng/MA Springfield 1 Parsons, Hugh m May not have been specifically accused in 1645, but "several were disturbed" (Source: Drake, Frederick C. "Witchcraft in the American Colonies, 1647-62" American Quarterly 20 (1968):694-725)
1645 NEng/MA Springfield 1 Parsons, Mary f May not have been specifically accused in 1645, but "several were disturbed" (Source: Drake, Frederick C. "Witchcraft in the American Colonies, 1647-62" American Quarterly 20 (1968):694-725)
1647 NEng/CT Windsor 1 Johnson, Mary f Although she is the traditional first person executed, there is no documentary evidence to support this. She may be the same as Mary Jonson from Wethersfield. (Source: Taylor, John M. The Witchcraft Delusion in Colonial Connecticut, 1647-1697. New York: Burt Franklin, 1971).
1647 (5/25) NEng/CT Windsor 1 Young, Alse f Hanged, She is acknowledged as the first person executed as a witch in North America. (Source: Drake, Frederick C. "Witchcraft in the American Colonies, 1647-62" American Quarterly 20 (1968):694-725)
1648 NEng/MA Charleston 1 Jones, Thomas m Arrrested, final fate unknown. (Source: Drake, Frederick C. "Witchcraft in the American Colonies, 1647-62" American Quarterly 20 (1968):694-725)
1648 (12/7) NEng/CT Wethersfld 1 Jonson, Mary f Hanged. This Mary Johnson left a definate record of her fate (Source: Drake, Frederick C. "Witchcraft in the American Colonies, 1647-62" American Quarterly 20 (1968):694-725)
1648 (6/15) NEng/MA Charleston 1 Jones, Margaret f Executed at Boston. She used medicines to cure the sick. (Source: Drake, Frederick C. "Witchcraft in the American Colonies, 1647-62" American Quarterly 20 (1968):694-725)
1649 NEngl/CT Windsor 1 Grant, Matthew m Acquitted. He disappeared from the colony shortly after his trial (Source: Taylor, John M. The Witchcraft Delusion in Colonial Connecticut, 1647-1697. New York: Burt Franklin, 1971).
1649 NEng/MA Boston 1 Oliver, Mary f Confessed to Witchcraft, Fate unknown. (Source: Drake, Frederick C. "Witchcraft in the American Colonies, 1647-62" American Quarterly 20 (1968):694-725)
1650 NEng/MA Boston 1 Lake, Mrs. H. f Executed (Source: Drake, Frederick C. "Witchcraft in the American Colonies, 1647-62" American Quarterly 20 (1968):694-725)
1651 NEng/Untd Colonies ? "Hostile Indians" ? Harrassed Uncas, a Mahegan Sachem. (Source: Drake, Frederick C. "Witchcraft in the American Colonies, 1647-62" American Quarterly 20 (1968):694-725)
1651 NEng/CT Stratford 1 Bassett, "Goody" f Hanged. (Source: Drake, Frederick C. "Witchcraft in the American Colonies, 1647-62" American Quarterly 20 (1968):694-725)
1651 NEng/MA Rowley 1 Bradstreet, John m Fined 20 shillings and a whipping. (Source: Drake, Frederick C. "Witchcraft in the American Colonies, 1647-62" American Quarterly 20 (1968):694-725)
1651 NEng/CT New Haven 1 Godman, Elizabeth f Freed her "under suspicion" (Source: Drake, Frederick C. "Witchcraft in the American Colonies, 1647-62" American Quarterly 20 (1968):694-725)
1651 NEng/MA Cambridge 1 Kendal, Mrs (fnu) f Executed. (Source: Drake, Frederick C. "Witchcraft in the American Colonies, 1647-62" American Quarterly 20 (1968):694-725)
1651 (3/6+) NEng/CT Hartford 1 Carrington, Joan f Hanged. (Source: Drake, Frederick C. "Witchcraft in the American Colonies, 1647-62" American Quarterly 20 (1968):694-725)
1651 (3/6+) NEng/CT Hartford 1 Carrington, John m Hanged. (Source: Drake, Frederick C. "Witchcraft in the American Colonies, 1647-62" American Quarterly 20 (1968):694-725)
1651 (5/31) NEng/MA Sprngfield 1 Parsons, Hugh m Aquitted. (Source: Drake, Frederick C. "Witchcraft in the American Colonies, 1647-62" American Quarterly 20 (1968):694-725)
1651 (5/29) NEng/MA Sprngfield 1 Parsons, Mary f Executed. (Source: Drake, Frederick C. "Witchcraft in the American Colonies, 1647-62" American Quarterly 20 (1968):694-725)
1653 NEng/MA Andover 1 Godfrey, John m Final trial not held until 1659, final outcome unknown. (Source: Drake, Frederick C. "Witchcraft in the American Colonies, 1647-62" American Quarterly 20 (1968):694-725)
1653 NEng/CT Fairfield 1 Knapp, "Goody" f Hanged. (Source: Drake, Frederick C. "Witchcraft in the American Colonies, 1647-62" American Quarterly 20 (1968):694-725)
1653 NEng/CT Fairfield 1 Staples, Mary. f Acquitted and her accuser, Roger Ludlow, was fined 20 Pounds for defamation. (Source: Drake, Frederick C. "Witchcraft in the American Colonies, 1647-62" American Quarterly 20 (1968):694-725)
1654 VA/Jamestown 1 Grady, Kath f Hanged at sea. (Sources: Davis, Richard Beale "The Devil in Virginia in the Seventeenth Century" Virginia Magazine of History and Biography 65 (1957) 131-49.)
1654(10/16) Maryland 1 Manship, Mrs. (fnu) f Acquited, her Accuser Peter Godson was judged to have defamed and slandered Mrs. Richard Manship (Sources: Maryland Archives, v.10 p.399. Parke, Frances Neal "Witchcraft in Maryland", Maryland Historical Magazine 31:4 (Dec 1936) p.271-298.)
1654 (6/23) Maryland 1 Lee, Mary f Hanged at sea, No verdict found on John Bosworth, Master of the Charity, whose crew Hanged her. (Sources: Maryland Archives, v.3 p.306. Parke, Frances Neal "Witchcraft in Maryland", Maryland Historical Magazine 31:4 (Dec 1936) p.271-298.)
1654 (9) NEng/CT Winsor 1 Gilbert, Lydia f Hanged. (Source: Drake, Frederick C. "Witchcraft in the American Colonies, 1647-62" American Quarterly 20 (1968):694-725)
1655 NEng/CT New Haven 1 Bayley, Mrs. Nicholas f Freed, but banished from the Colony. (Source: Drake, Frederick C. "Witchcraft in the American Colonies, 1647-62" American Quarterly 20 (1968):694-725)
1655 NEng/CT New Haven 1 Bayley, Nicholas m Freed, but banished from the Colony. (Source: Drake, Frederick C. "Witchcraft in the American Colonies, 1647-62" American Quarterly 20 (1968):694-725)
1655 (9/?) NEng/CT New Haven 1 Godman, Elizabeth f (Second Trial) Verdict "Suspicious of Witchcraft" (Source: Drake, Frederick C. "Witchcraft in the American Colonies, 1647-62" American Quarterly 20 (1968):694-725)
1655 (10/4) NEng/CT New Haven 1 Godman, Elizabeth f (Third Trial) Verdict "Suspicious of Witchcraft", released upon payment of 50 Pounds security against her future good conduct. (As she was poor, and likely a begger the payment of this fine is dubious). (Source: Drake, Frederick C. "Witchcraft in the American Colonies, 1647-62" American Quarterly 20 (1968):694-725)
1656 NEng/NH Hampton 1 Cole, Eunice f Discharged and released. (Source: Drake, Frederick C. "Witchcraft in the American Colonies, 1647-62" American Quarterly 20 (1968):694-725)
1656 NEng/NH Dover 1 Welford, Jane f Freed upon condition of good behavior. (Source: Drake, Frederick C. "Witchcraft in the American Colonies, 1647-62" American Quarterly 20 (1968):694-725)
1656 (11) VA/Nrthmberland 1 Harding, William m Ten Stripes from a lash, and permanent panishment from the county. His accuser was Reverend David Lindsay. (Source: Drake, Frederick C. "Witchcraft in the American Colonies, 1647-62" American Quarterly 20 (1968):694-725 Davis, Richard Beale "The Devil in Virginia in the Seventeenth Century" Virginia Magazine of History and Biography 65 (1957) 131-49.)
1656 (6/19) NEng/MA Salem 1 Hibbins, Anne f Hanged (Source: Drake, Frederick C. "Witchcraft in the American Colonies, 1647-62" American Quarterly 20 (1968):694-725)
1657 NEng/MA 1 Batchelor, Goodwife f Final result unknown. (Source: Drake, Frederick C. "Witchcraft in the American Colonies, 1647-62" American Quarterly 20 (1968):694- 725)
1657 NEng/MA 1 Hogg (fnu) ? Final result unknown. (Source: Drake, Frederick C. "Witchcraft in the American Colonies, 1647-62" American Quarterly 20 (1968):694- 725)
1657 NEng/MA 1 Hogg, Jane f Final result unknown. (Source: Drake, Frederick C. "Witchcraft in the American Colonies, 1647-62" American Quarterly 20 (1968):694- 725)
1657 NEng/CT New Haven 1 Meaker, William m Acquitted. (It's likely that this is the same "William Meeker" who, in 1649 married Sarah Preston, and who later relocated to Newark, N.J.) (Source: Drake, Frederick C. "Witchcraft in the American Colonies, 1647-62" American Quarterly 20 (1968):694-725)
1657 NEng/MA 1 Pope, Anne f Final result unknown. (Source: Drake, Frederick C. "Witchcraft in the American Colonies, 1647-62" American Quarterly 20 (1968):694- 725)
1657 (1/12) Virginia 1 Wingborough, Barbara f Acquitted (Source: Davis, Richard Beale "The Devil in Virginia in the Seventeenth Century" Virginia Magazine of History and Biography 65 (1957) 131-49.)
1658 Maryland 1 Elizabeth, Richardson f Hanged at sea, No verdict found on the complaint brought by John Washington against Edward Prescott, Master of the Sarah Artch, whose crew Hanged her. (Sources: Maryland Archives, v.41 p.327-329. Parke, Frances Neal "Witchcraft in Maryland", Maryland Historical Magazine 31:4 (Dec 1936) p.271-298.)
1658 NEng/Easthampton 1 Garlick, Eliz. "Goody" f Brought before the Magistrates of East Hampton on 5/5/1658, and sent to Connecticut for trial. Released but had to pay court costs. Husband Joshua Garlick of East Hampton. (Sources: Lyon, John "Witchcraft in New York" New York Historical Society Collections 2 (1869):273-6. Drake, Frederick C. "Witchcraft in the American Colonies, 1647-62" American Quarterly 20 (1968):694-725)
1658 NEng/Jamestown 1 Grade, Katherine f Hanged at sea, Cpt. Bennet was call for by a jury, but no verdict (Source: Drake, Frederick C. "Witchcraft in the American Colonies, 1647-62" American Quarterly 20 (1968):694-725)
1658 (9/5) NEng/CT Saybrook 1 Jennings, Margaret f Released when the jury became Hanged. (Source: Drake, Frederick C. "Witchcraft in the American Colonies, 1647-62" American Quarterly 20 (1968):694-725)
1658 (9/5) NEng/CT Saybrook 1 Jennings, Nicholas m Released when the jury became Hanged. (Source: Drake, Frederick C. "Witchcraft in the American Colonies, 1647-62" American Quarterly 20 (1968):694-725)
1659 (12) Virginia 1 Robinson, Mistress f Not tried. Her accuser, Ann Godby, was fined three hundred pounds in "Tobacco and Caske". (Source: Davis, Richard Beale "The Devil in Virginia in the Seventeenth Century" Virginia Magazine of History and Biography 65 (1957) 131-49., Drake, Frederick C. "Witchcraft in the American Colonies, 1647-62" American Quarterly 20 (1968):694-725)
1660 NEng/MA Cambridge 1 Holman, Winifred f Unknown Verdict. (Source: Drake, Frederick C. "Witchcraft in the American Colonies, 1647-62" American Quarterly 20 (1968):694-725)
1660 NEng/Plymouth 1 Holmes, Mrs. W (fnu) f Acquitted. Her accuseer needed to make a public statement. (Source: Drake, Frederick C. "Witchcraft in the American Colonies, 1647-62" American Quarterly 20 (1968):694-725)
1660 NEng/Long Island 1 Wright, Mary f Acquitted. She had been accused of witchcraft in Oyster Bay, and sent to Massachusetts for trail; Convicted of being Quaker and banished. (Sources: Lyon, John "Witchcraft in New York" New York Historical Society Collections 2 (1869): 273-6. Drake, Frederick C. "Witchcraft in the American Colonies, 1647-62" American Quarterly 20 (1968):694-725; )
1661 Maryland Charles Co. 1 Mitchell, Joan f Technically not a Witchcraft Trial, but rather an accused witch bringing suit against four people for slandering her. However, it appears that Joan Mitchell had long been accused. (Sources: Maryland Archives, Charles County Court Proceedings (1658-1662) Parke, Frances Neal "Witchcraft in Maryland", Maryland Historical Magazine 31:4 (Dec 1936) p.271-298.)
1662 NEng/CT Hartford 1 Ayres, Goodwife f Deathbed accusation by the 8 year old daughter of John Kelley of "disturbing" both her and the older Anna Cole. Found guilty by the Water Test, she escaped prison and fled the Colony. (Sources: Drake, Frederick C. "Witchcraft in the American Colonies, 1647-62" American Quarterly 20 (1968):694-725, Levermore, Charles H. "Witchcraft in Connecticut" New Englander 44 (1885): 788-817)
1662 NEng/CT Hartford 1 Ayres, William m Accused by the daughter of John Kelley of "disturbing" Anna Cole. Found guilty by the Water Test, he escaped prison and fled the Colony. (Sources: Drake, Frederick C. "Witchcraft in the American Colonies, 1647-62" American Quarterly 20 (1968):694-725, Levermore, Charles H. "Witchcraft in Connecticut" New Englander 44 (1885): 788-817)
1662 NEng/CT Farmington 1 Barnes, Mary f Accused (by Rebecca Greensmith's confession?) with Elizabeth Seager, and tried on 6 Jan, 1662-3. Hanged (Probably on 1/20). (Sources: Drake, Frederick C. "Witchcraft in the American Colonies, 1647-62" American Quarterly 20 (1968):694-725, Levermore, Charles H. "Witchcraft in Connecticut" New Englander 44 (1885): 788-817)
1662 NEng/CT Hartford 1 Grant, Mrs. Peter f ? (Source: Drake, Frederick C. "Witchcraft in the American Colonies, 1647-62" American Quarterly 20 (1968):694-725)
1662 NEng/CT Hartford 1 Greensmith, Rebecca f Hanged. Accused by William Ayres and the victim of "disturbing" Anna Cole. She confessed and implicated her husband and several others. (Sources: Drake, Frederick C. "Witchcraft in the American Colonies, 1647-62" American Quarterly 20 (1968):694-725, Levermore, Charles H. "Witchcraft in Connecticut" New Englander 44 (1885): 788-817)
1662 NEng/CT Hartford 1 Palmer, Katherine f ? (Sources: Drake, Frederick C. "Witchcraft in the American Colonies, 1647-62" American Quarterly 20 (1968):694-725, Levermore, Charles H. "Witchcraft in Connecticut" New Englander 44 (1885): 788-817)
1662 NEng/CT Hartford 1 Sanford, Mary f Hanged. Accused by William Ayres and the victim of "disturbing" Anna Cole. (Sources: Drake, Frederick C. "Witchcraft in the American Colonies, 1647-62" American Quarterly 20 (1968):694-725, Levermore, Charles H. "Witchcraft in Connecticut" New Englander 44 (1885): 788-817)
1662 NEng/CT Hartford 3 Seager, Elizabeth f Wife of Richard Seager. Tried three times, acquitted twice. She was found guilty the last time, but was discharged "under suspicion". Accused of "disturbing" Anna Cole. (Sources: Drake, Frederick C. "Witchcraft in the American Colonies, 1647-62" American Quarterly 20 (1968):694-725, Levermore, Charles H. "Witchcraft in Connecticut" New Englander 44 (1885): 788-817)
1662 NEng/CT Hartford 1 Varleth, Judith f Found guilty 1/6. She was released after her brother in law, Peter Stuvesant, intervened. Accused of "disturbing" the daughter of John Kelley. (Sources: Drake, Frederick C. "Witchcraft in the American Colonies, 1647-62" American Quarterly 20 (1968):694-725, Levermore, Charles H. "Witchcraft in Connecticut" New Englander 44 (1885): 788-817)
1662 NEng/CT Hartford 1 Wakely, James m Verdict unknown, but since he quickly escaped to Rhode Island, it was probably Guilty. Accused of "disturbing" the daughter of John Kelley. (Sources: Drake, Frederick C. "Witchcraft in the American Colonies, 1647-62" American Quarterly 20 (1968):694-725, Levermore, Charles H. "Witchcraft in Connecticut" New Englander 44 1885): 788-817)
1662 (1/20) NEng/CT Hartford 1 Greensmith, Nathanial m Hanged (2/24). Accused by his wife Rebecca, and either by the deathbed statement of the daughter of John Kelley of "disturbing" Anna Cole. (Fairly well-to-do). He had been accused in 1650 of stealing by William Eares (Ayres) (Sources: Drake, Frederick C. "Witchcraft in the American Colonies, 1647-62" American Quarterly 20 (1968):694-725, Levermore, Charles H. "Witchcraft in Connecticut" New Englander 44 (1885): 788-817)
1662 (1/20) NEng/CT Hartford 1 Sanford, Andrew m Acquitted. Accused of "disturbing" Anna Cole or the daughter of John Kelley. (Sources: Drake, Frederick C. "Witchcraft in the American Colonies, 1647-62" American Quarterly 20 (1968):694-725, Levermore, Charles H. "Witchcraft in Connecticut" New Englander 44 (1885): 788-817)
1665 NEng/NY Brookhaven 1 Hall, Mrs Ralph (Mary) f Acquitted (Sources: Lyon, John "Witchcraft in New York" New York Historical Society Collections 2 (1869): 273-6., Robbins, Russell Hope. The Encyclopedia of Witchcraft and Demonology. New York: Bonanza Books, 1959)
1665 NEng/NY Brookhaven 1 Hall, Ralph m Acquitted (Sources: Lyon, John "Witchcraft in New York" New York Historical Society Collections 2 (1869): 273-6.)
1665(16/10) Maryland St Mary's 1 Bennett, Elizabeth f Charged by Philip Calvert. Acquitted "Cleared by Proclaimation". (Sources: Maryland Archives, v.49 p.476,486,508. Parke, Frances Neal "Witchcraft in Maryland", Maryland Historical Magazine 31:4 (Dec 1936) p.271-298.)
1668 (11) Virginia 1+ ? f Not tried. Charges brought against the accuser of a "Woman and her Children". (Source: Davis, Richard Beale "The Devil in Virginia in the Seventeenth Century" Virginia Magazine of History and Biography 65 (1957) 131-49.)
1669 NEng/MA 1 Hutchinson, Anne f Her miscarriage was ascribed to her "relationship with the Devil" (i.e., she was a Quaker)(Source: Heyrman, Christine. Commerce and Culture, The Maritime Communities of Colonial Massachusetts, 1650- 1750)
1669 NEng/MA 1 Dyer, Mary f Her miscarriage was ascribed to her "relationship with the Devil" (i.e., she was a Quaker)(Source: Heyrman, Christine. Commerce and Culture, The Maritime Communities of Colonial Massachusetts, 1650- 1750)
1670 NEng/CT Wethersfld 1 Harrison, Katharine f Found Guily and banished from Connecticut (Sources: Lyon, John "Witchcraft in New York" New York Historical Society Collections 2 (1869): 273-6.)
1670 Mexico, Mexico City 1 Gruber, Bernardo m Two men accused of talismanic magic in 1668 at Quarai Pueblo are tried by the Inquisition. Bernadro finally escaped the Inquisition, only to be killed by Apaches on his way back to Sonorro. (Source: Hill, David V.. The Interconnxion, 1996.)
1670 Mexico, Mexico City 1 Serrano, Juan m Two men accused of talismanic magic in 1668 at Quarai Pueblo are tried by the Inquisition. Bernadro finally escaped the Inquisition, only to be killed by Apaches on his way back to Sonorro. (Source: Hill, David V.. The Interconnxion, 1996.)
1671 NEmg/CT, Groton 1 ???? f Accused by 16 year old Elizabeth Knap. (Source: Robbins, Russell Hope. The Encyclopedia of Witchcraft and Demonology. New York: Bonanza Books, 1959)
1671 VA/Northmbrlnd 1 Neal, Mrs Christopher f Not tried. Charges brought against the accuser of a "Woman and her Children". (Source: Davis, Richard Beale "The Devil in Virginia in the Seventeenth Century" Virginia Magazine of History and Biography 65 (1957) 131-49.)
1674 Maryland St Mary's 1 Cowman, John m Charged and convicted for under the Statute of James I for witchcraft, conjuration, sorcery or enchantment upon the body of Elizabeth Goodale. He received a reprieve from execution from the Upper House of the Assembly. (Sources: Maryland Archives, v.2 p.425-426. Parke, Frances Neal "Witchcraft in Maryland", Maryland Historical Magazine 31:4 (Dec 1936) p.271-298.)
1675 (6/15) VA/Norfolk 1 Jenkins, Jane/Joan f Not tried. (Source: Davis, Richard Beale "The Devil in Virginia in the Seventeenth Century" Virginia Magazine of History and Biography 65 (1957) 131-49.)
1631 New Mexico, Santa Fe 3 ? m Hanged. Governor Juan Francisco de Treviño has 47 influential men of the Pueblo arrested on a charge of witchcraft. 3 are hanged, and the remainder are beaten up before being released. (Source: Spanish Mission in New Mexico (1609-1700), http://etss.simplenet.com/hts/hts2/notes2.html 15 March 1999).
1631 New Mexico, Santa Fe 44 ? m Beaten up. Governor Juan Francisco de Treviño has 47 influential men of the Pueblo arrested on a charge of witchcraft. 3 are hanged, and the remainder are beaten up before being released. (Source: Spanish Mission in New Mexico (1609-1700), http://etss.simplenet.com/hts/hts2/notes2.html 15 March 1999).
1678 (1/15) VA/Norfolk 1 Cartwrite, Alice f Acquitted. (Source: Davis, Richard Beale "The Devil in Virginia in the Seventeenth Century" Virginia Magazine of History and Biography 65 (1957) 131-49.)
1679? VA/Accomack Co. 1 Carter, Paul m ? The change in the condition of the corpse of his victim was sufficient to prove his guilt (Source: Davis, Richard Beale "The Devil in Virginia in the Seventeenth Century" Virginia Magazine of History and Biography 65 (1957) 131-49.)
1679 NEng/MA Newbury 1 Gowell, Caleb m A seaman accused of disturbing the Morse household. He served his apprenticeship with the "Wizard" Francis Norwood (Source: Heyrman, Christine. Commerce and Culture, The Maritime Communities of Colonial Massachusetts, 1650-1750)
1683 NEng/CT Hartford 1 Desborough, Nicholas m Suspicioned. (Source: Taylor, John M. The Witchcraft Delusion in Colonial Connecticut, 1647-1697. New York: Burt Franklin, 1971).
1684 Pennsylvania 1 Mattson, Margaret* f Two "Old Swedish Women" and "Quakers". Acquitted by order of the Governor William Penn. (Source: Robbins, Russell Hope. The Encyclopedia of Witchcraft and Demonology. New York: Bonanza Books, 1959; E-mail from Janet Ortman, (descendant))
1684 Pennsylvania 1 ? f Two "Old Swedish Women" and "Quakers". Acquitted by order of the Governor William Penn. (Source: Robbins, Russell Hope. The Encyclopedia of Witchcraft and Demonology. New York: Bonanza Books, 1959)
1685 (10/3) Maryland St Mary's 1 Fowler, Rebecca f Executed. N.b. She lived in Calvert County. (Sources: Parke, Frances Neal "Witchcraft in Maryland", Maryland Historical Magazine 31:4 (Dec 1936) p.271-298.)
1686 Maryland St Mary's 1 Edwards, Hannah f Acquitted. N.b. she lived in Calvert County. (Trial 4/27-5/10) (Sources: Parke, Frances Neal "Witchcraft in Maryland", Maryland Historical Magazine 31:4 (Dec 1936) p.271-298.)
1688 (11/15) NEng/MA Salem 1 Glover, "Goody" f Executed. Probably the last person Hanged for witchcraft in Boston. (May be the Irish Catholic that Cotton Mather wrote about) (Source: Drake, Frederick C. "Witchcraft in the American Colonies, 1647-62" American Quarterly 20 (1968):694-725)
1692 NEng/CT Fairfield 1 Clawson, Elizabeth f Acquitted. (Source: Taylor, John M. The Witchcraft Delusion in Colonial Connecticut, 1647-1697. New York: Burt Franklin, 1971).
1692 NEng/CT Fairfield 1 Harvey, Hannah f Jury found no bill. (Source: Taylor, John M. The Witchcraft Delusion in Colonial Connecticut, 1647-1697. New York: Burt Franklin, 1971).
1692 NEng/CT Fairfield 1 Harvey, Mary f Jury found no bill. (Source: Taylor, John M. The Witchcraft Delusion in Colonial Connecticut, 1647-1697. New York: Burt Franklin, 1971).
1692 NEng/CT Fairfield 1 Miller, "Goody" f Acquitted. (Source: Taylor, John M. The Witchcraft Delusion in Colonial Connecticut, 1647-1697. New York: Burt Franklin, 1971).
1692 NEng/CT Fairfield 1 Staples, Mary f (Second Trial) Acquitted. (Source: Taylor, John M. The Witchcraft Delusion in Colonial Connecticut, 1647-1697. New York: Burt Franklin, 1971).
1692 NEng/CT Fairfield 1 Disborough, Mercy f Convicted, but reprieved. (Source: Taylor, John M. The Witchcraft Delusion in Colonial Connecticut, 1647-1697. New York: Burt Franklin, 1971).
1692 NEng/MA Billerica* 1 Abbott, Goodman m Accused (Source: Robbins, Russell Hope. The Encyclopedia of Witchcraft and Demonology. New York: Bonanza Books, 1959)
1692 NEng/MA Ipswich* 1 Abbott, Arthur m Examined (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)
1692 (4/22) NEng/MA Topsfield* 1 Abbott, Nehemiah m Cleared of charges. (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)
1692 (5/31) NEng/MA Boston* 1 Alden, John (Cpt) m Examined (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)
1692 NEng/MA Salem (V)* 1 Andrew, Daniel m Examined (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)
1692 NEng/MA Billerica* 1 Andrews, M. m Accused (Source: Robbins, Russell Hope. The Encyclopedia of Witchcraft and Demonology. New York: Bonanza Books, 1959)
1692 NEng/MA Andover* 1 Baker, Mrs. Ebeneazer f Accused (Source: Robbins, Russell Hope. The Encyclopedia of Witchcraft and Demonology. New York: Bonanza Books, 1959)
1692 NEng/MA Andover* 1 Barker, Abigail f Examined (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)
1692 NEng/MA Andover* 1 Barker, Mary f Examined (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)
1692 NEng/MA Andover* 1 Barker, William (Jr.) m Examined (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)
1692 NEng/MA Andover* 1 Barker, William (Sr.) m Confessed. (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)
1692 NEng/MA Andover* 1 Barry, William m (Source: Robbins, Russell Hope. The Encyclopedia of Witchcraft and Demonology. New York: Bonanza Books, 1959)
1692 NEng/MA Lynn* 1 Bassett, Mary f Examined. Maiden name Hood. Daughter-in-Law of a Lynn Quaker William Basset (Sr.) and wife of William Bassett (Jr) (Sources: Heyrman, Christine. Commerce and Culture, The Maritime Communities of Colonial Massachusetts, 1650-1750)
1692 NEng/MA Lynn* 1 Bassett, Sarah f Examined. (N.B. She is either the same as Mary Bassett, or possibly a daughter of William Bassett Sr.)(Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)
1692 NEng/MA Wenham* 1 Bibber, Sarah f Examined (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)
1692 (6/10) NEng/MA Salem (V)* 1 Bishop, Bridget f Hanged (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)
1692 (4/22) NEng/MA Salem (V)* 1 Bishop, Edward m Examined (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)
1692 (4/22) NEng/MA Salem (V)* 1 Bishop, Sarah f Examined (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)
1692 (4/22) NEng/MA Salem (V)* 1 Black, Mary f Examined (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977) Slave? (Source: Robbins, Russell Hope. The Encyclopedia of Witchcraft and Demonology. New York: Bonanza Books, 1959)
1692 (9/9) NEng/MA Salisbury* 1 Bradbury, Mary f Tried and condemned 9/9 (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)
1692 NEng/MA Andover* 1 Bradstreet, Justice Dudley m (Source: Robbins, Russell Hope. The Encyclopedia of Witchcraft and Demonology. New York: Bonanza Books, 1959)
1692 NEng/MA Andover* 1 Bradstreet, John m (Source: Robbins, Russell Hope. The Encyclopedia of Witchcraft and Demonology. New York: Bonanza Books, 1959)
1692 NEng/MA Andover* 1 Bridges, Mary (Jr) f Accused. (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)
1692 NEng/MA Andover* 1 Bridges, Mary (Sr) f Accused. (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)
1692 NEng/MA Andover* 1 Bridges, Sarah f Examined (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)
1692 NEng/MA Andover* 1 Bromage, Hannah f Examined (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)
1692 NEng/MA Salem (V)* 1 Buckley, Sarah f Examined (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)
1692 NEng/MA Salem (V)* 1 Buckley, Sarah (Jr) f (Source: Robbins, Russell Hope. The Encyclopedia of Witchcraft and Demonology. New York: Bonanza Books, 1959)
1692 (8/19) NEng/Maine, Wells* 1 Burroughs, Rev. George m Hanged. Arrested in Wells, Maine and extradited to Salem. (5/4) (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)
1692 NEng/MA Salem (V)* 1 Buxton, John m (Source: Robbins, Russell Hope. The Encyclopedia of Witchcraft and Demonology. New York: Bonanza Books, 1959)
1692 NEng/MA Salem (T)* 1 Candy f Examined Barbados Slave. Acquitted on 2 charges of Witchcraft. (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)
1692 NEng/MA Charleston* 1 Carey, Elizabeth f (Source: Robbins, Russell Hope. The Encyclopedia of Witchcraft and Demonology. New York: Bonanza Books, 1959) (aka Cary, Elizabeth Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)
1692 NEng/MA Charleston* 1 Carey, Nathaniel m (Source: Robbins, Russell Hope. The Encyclopedia of Witchcraft and Demonology. New York: Bonanza Books, 1959)
1692 NEng/MA Andover* 1 Carrier, Andrew m Verdict? Son of Thomas and Martha Carrier (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)
1692 (8/19) NEng/MA Andover* 1 Carrier, Martha f Hanged (People in Andover had been living in fear of her "Powers" for years) (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)
1692 NEng/MA Andover* 1 Carrier, Richard m Verdict? Son of Thomas and Martha Carrier (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)
1692 NEng/MA Andover* 1 Carrier, Sarah f Confessed. Daughter of Thomas and Martha Carrier (Age 8) (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)
1692 NEng/MA Andover* 1 Carrier, Thomas (Jr.) m Confessed. Son of Thomas and Martha Carrier (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)
1692 NEng/MA Salem (T)* 1 Carroll, Hannah f Examined. (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)
1692 NEng/MA Woburn* 1 Carter, Bethia (Jr.) f Examined. (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)
1692 NEng/MA Woburn* 1 Carter, Bethia (Sr.) f Examined. (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)
1692 NEng/MA Andover* 1 Cave, Sarah f (Source: Robbins, Russell Hope. The Encyclopedia of Witchcraft and Demonology. New York: Bonanza Books, 1959)
1692 (5/9) NEng/MA Salem (V)* 1 Churchill, Sarah f Examined. One of the "Afflicted
"girls. (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)
1692 NEng/MA Haverhill* 1 Clarke, Mary f Examined. (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)
1692 NEng/MA Ipswich* 1 Clenton, Rachel f Examined. (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)
1692 (2/29) NEng/MA Salem (V)* 1 Cloyce, Sarah f Examined. Rebecca Nurse's sister (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)
1692 NEng/MA Salem (V)* 1 Coffin, Sarah f (Source: Robbins, Russell Hope. The Encyclopedia of Witchcraft and Demonology. New York: Bonanza Books, 1959)
1692 NEng/MA Salem (T)* 1 Cole, Sarah f Examined. (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)
1692 NEng/MA Lynn* 1 Cole, Sarah f Examined. (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)
1692 NEng/MA Reading* 1 Colson, Elizabeth f Examined. (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)
1692 NEng/MA Reading* 1 Colson, Mary f Examined. (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)
1692 (9/16) NEng/MA Salem (V)* 1 Corey, Giles m Pressed to Death. Note that he refused to plead to the indictments to his case (possibly because he did not accept the legality of the court he was in) and thereby brought about his own torture. (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)
1692 (9/22) NEng/MA Salem (V)* 1 Corey, Martha f Hanged (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)
1692 NEng/MA Andover* 1 Dane, Deliverance f Examined. (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)
1692 NEng/MA Andover* 1 Dane, Mrs Nathan f (Source: Robbins, Russell Hope. The Encyclopedia of Witchcraft and Demonology. New York: Bonanza Books, 1959)
1692 NEng/MA Wenham* 1 Davis, Sarah f Examined. (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)
1692 NEng/MA Gloucester* 1 Day, Phoebe f ??? Daughter of Margaret Prince (Source: Heyrman, Christine. Commerce and Culture, The Maritime Communities of Colonial Massachusetts, 1650-1750)
1692 NEng/MA Lynn* 1 Derick, Mary f (Source: Robbins, Russell Hope. The Encyclopedia of Witchcraft and Demonology. New York: Bonanza Books, 1959)
1692 NEng/MA Salem (V)* 1 DeRich, Mary f (Aka Rich, Mary de) Examined. Sister of Elizabeth Proctor and daughter of the Lynn Quaker, William Bassett Sr. (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977; Heyrman, Christine. Commerce and Culture, The Maritime Communities of Colonial Massachusetts, 1650-1750)
1692 NEng/MA Lynn* 1 Derrill, Mary f (Source: Robbins, Russell Hope. The Encyclopedia of Witchcraft and Demonology. New York: Bonanza Books, 1959)
1692 NEng/ME Piscataqua* 1 Dicer, Elizabeth f Examined. Listed as the wife of a Seaman from Gloucester. (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977; Heyrman, Christine. Commerce and Culture, The Maritime Communities of Colonial Massachusetts, 1650-1750)
1692 NEng/MA Gloucester* 1 Dike, Rebecca f Examined. (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)
1692 NEng/MA Gloucester* 1 Dolliver, Anne f Examined. The daughter of Salem Reverend Higginson, and married a Gloucester seaman, who deserted her. She was living in Salem with her family at the time. (n.b., aka Ann Dolliber)(Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977; Heyrman, Christine. Commerce and Culture, The Maritime Communities of Colonial Massachusetts, 1650-1750)
1692 NEng/MA Ipswich?* 1 Downing, Mehitabel f Examined. (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)
1692 NEng/MA Andover* 1 Draper, Joseph m Examined. (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)
1692 (5/10) NEng/MA Reading* 1 Dustin, Lydia f Examined. Died in prison. (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)
1692 NEng/MA Reading* 1 Dustin, Sarah f Examined. (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)
1692 NEng/MA Gloucester* 1 Dyke, Rebecca f Accused by "Salem Girls". Examined. Anne Dolliver's sister in law (Sources: Heyrman, Christine. Commerce and Culture, The Maritime Communities of Colonial Massachusetts, 1650-1750)
1692 NEng/MA Andover* 1 Eames, Daniel m Examined. (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)
1692 (9/17) NEng/MA Andover* 1 Eames, Rebecca f Tried and condemned, Repreived? (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977, Robbins, Russell Hope. The Encyclopedia of Witchcraft and Demonology. New York: Bonanza Books, 1959 (The latter gives Bixford as her home)
1692 NEng/MA Bixford* 1 Eames, Robert m (Source: Robbins, Russell Hope. The Encyclopedia of Witchcraft and Demonology. New York: Bonanza Books, 1959)
1692 (5/18) NEng/MA Salem (V)* 1 Easty, Mary f Released after examination. After the public outcry, she was arrested a second time. (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977, Robbins, Russell Hope. The Encyclopedia of Witchcraft and Demonology. New York: Bonanza Books, 1959 (The latter gives Topfield as her home))
1692 (9/22) NEng/MA Salem (V)* 1 Easty, Mary f Hanged (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)
1692 NEng/MA Gloucester* 1 Elwell, Esther f Accused by "Salem Girls". Examined. Daughter of Grace Dutch, who had been accused of witchcraft ???? (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977; Heyrman, Christine. Commerce and Culture, The Maritime Communities of Colonial Massachusetts, 1650-1750)
1692 NEng/MA Haverhill* 1 Emerson, Martha f Examined. (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)
1692 NEng/MA Manchester* 1 Emons, Joseph m Examined. (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)
1692 (4/22) NEng/MA Salem (T)* 1 English, Mary f Examined (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)
1692 NEng/MA Salem (T)* 1 English, Philip m Examined (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)
1692 NEng/MA Lynn* 1 Farrer, Thomas (Sr) m (aka Farrar) Examined on charge of Wizardry (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977; Heyrman, Christine. Commerce and Culture, The Maritime Communities of Colonial Massachusetts, 1650-1750)
1692 NEng/MA Andover* 1 Farrington, Edward m Examined (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)
1692 (9/17) NEng/MA Andover* 1 Faulkner, Abigail (Jr) f Tried and condemned, pleaded Pregnancy. (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)
1692 (9/17) NEng/MA Anover* 1 Faulkner, Abigail (Sr) f Tried and condemned (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977))
1692 NEng/MA Andover* 1 Faulkner, Dorothy f Examined (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)
1692 NEng/MA Rowley* 1 Flood, Capt John m Examined (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977, Robbins, Russell Hope. The Encyclopedia of Witchcraft and Demonology. New York: Bonanza Books, 1959 (The latter gives Romney Marsh as her home))
1692 NEng/MA Malden* 1 Fosdick, Elizabeth f Examined (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)
1692 (9/17) NEng/MA Andover* 1 Foster, Ann f Tried and condemned. Died in Prison? (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)
1692 NEng/MA Manchester* 1 Frost, Nicholas m Examined (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)
1692 NEng/MA Andover* 1 Fry, Eunice f Examined (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)
1692 NEng/MA Salem (V)* 1 Good, Dorcas f Examined (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977) [Good, Dorothy? Source: Robbins, Russell Hope. The Encyclopedia of Witchcraft and Demonology. New York: Bonanza Books, 1959)]
1692 (7/19) NEng/MA Salem (V)* 1 Good, Sarah f Hanged (Wife of a common laborer) (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)
1692 NEng/MA Haverhill* 1 Green, Mary f Examined (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)
1692 NEng/ME, Piscataqua* 1 Hardy, Thomas m Examined (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977, Robbins, Russell Hope. The Encyclopedia of Witchcraft and Demonology. New York: Bonanza Books, 1959 (The latter gives his home as Great Island))
1692 NEng/ME, Andover* 1 Harrington ? (Source: Robbins, Russell Hope. The Encyclopedia of Witchcraft and Demonology. New York: Bonanza Books, 1959)
1692 NEng/MA Lynn* 1 Hart, Elizabeth f Examined (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)
1692 NEng/MA Ipwich?* 1 Hatfield, Rachel f Examined (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)
1692 NEng/MA Salem (T)* 1 Hawkes, Margaret f Examined. May be related to the Quaker Hawkes' of Marblehead? (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977; Heyrman, Christine. Commerce and Culture, The Maritime Communities of Colonial Massachusetts, 1650-1750)
1692 NEng/MA Andover* 1 Hawkes, Sarah f Examined May be related to the Quaker Hawkes' of Marblehead? (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977; Heyrman, Christine. Commerce and Culture, The Maritime Communities of Colonial Massachusetts, 1650-1750)
1692 (9/21) NEng/MA Beverly* 1 Hoar, Dorcas f Confessed. Her execution was delayed. (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)
1692 (9/17) NEng/MA Topsfield* 1 Hobbs, Abigail f Tried and condemned, She confessed (4/19) Repreived? (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977, Robbins, Russell Hope. The Encyclopedia of Witchcraft and Demonology. New York: Bonanza Books, 1959)
1692 NEng/MA Topsfield* 1 Hobbs, Deliverance f Examined (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)
1692 NEng/MA Topsfield* 1 Hobbs, William m Examined (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)
1692 (7/19) NEng/MA Topsfield* 1 How, Elizabeth f Hanged (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)
1692 NEng/MA Topsfield* 1 How, James m (Source: Robbins, Russell Hope. The Encyclopedia of Witchcraft and Demonology. New York: Bonanza Books, 1959)
1692 NEng/MA Rowley* 1 Howard, John m Examined (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)
1692 NEng/MA Salem (V)* 1 Hubbard, Elizabeth f Examined (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)
1692 NEng/MA Haverhill* 1 Hutchins, Francis f Examined (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)
1692 NEng/MA Salem (T)* 1 Indian John (or Indian, John) f Tituba's Husband, and accused? (Source: Mitchaell, Roger, Witchcraft, the history and mythology. 1995).
1692 NEng/MA Lynn* 1 Ireson, Mary f Examined (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)
1692 NEng/MA Rowley* 1 Jackson, John (Jr) m Examined (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)
1692 NEng/MA Rowley* 1 Jackson, John (Sr) m Examined (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)
1692 NEng/MA Salem (V)* 1 Jacobs, George (Jr) m Examined (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)
1692 (8/19) NEng/MA Salem (V)* 1 Jacobs, George (Sr) m Hanged (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)
1692 (5/10) NEng/MA Salem (V)* 1 Jacobs, Margaret f Examined (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)
1692 NEng/MA Salem (V)* 1 Jacobs, Martha f (Source: Robbins, Russell Hope. The Encyclopedia of Witchcraft and Demonology. New York: Bonanza Books, 1959)
1692 NEng/MA Salem (V)* 1 Jacobs, Rebecca f Examined (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)
1692 NEng/MA Andover* 1 Johnson, Abigail f Examined. Age 11. (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)
1692 NEng/MA Andover* 1 Johnson, Elizabeth (Jr) f Examined. Age 22. (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)
1692 NEng/MA Andover* 1 Johnson, Elizabeth (Sr) f Examined. Age 51. (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)
1692 NEng/MA Andover* 1 Johnson, Rebecca f Examined. (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)
1692 NEng/MA Andover* 1 Johnson, Stephen m Examined. Age 13. (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)
1692 (9/17) NEng/MA Andover* 1 Lacy, Mary (Jr) f Tried and condemned. Age 15. Grandaughter of Ann Foster. (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)
1692 (9/17) NEng/MA Andover* 1 Lacy, Mary (Sr) f Tried and condemned. Reprived? Daughter of Ann Foster (Andover) (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977, Robbins, Russell Hope. The Encyclopedia of Demonology and Witchcraft. New York: Bonanza Books, 1959)
1692 NEng/MA Andover* 1 Laundry, John m (Source: Robbins, Russell Hope. The Encyclopedia of Witchcraft and Demonology. New York: Bonanza Books, 1959)
1692 NEng/MA Andover* 1 Lee, John m Examined. (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)
1692 NEng/MA Salem (V)* 1 Lewis, Mercy f Examined. (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)
1692 NEng/MA Malden* 1 Lilly, Jane f Examined. (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)
1692 NEng/MA Andover* 1 Marston, Mary f Examined. (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)
1692 (7/19) NEng/MA Amesbury* 1 Martin, Susannah f executed (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)
1692 NEng/MA Beverly* 1 Merrill, Sarah f (Source: Robbins, Russell Hope. The Encyclopedia of Witchcraft and Demonology. New York: Bonanza Books, 1959)
1692 (5/2) NEng/MA Beverly* 1 Morey, Sarah f Examined (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)
1692 (7/19) NEng/MA Salem (V)* 1 Nurse, Rebecca f Hanged (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)
1692 NEng/MA Andover* 1 Osborne, Mary f Examined. (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)
1692 (5/10) NEng/MA Salem (V)* 1 Osborne, Sarah f She died in prison in Boston. A Widow, she possessed a considerable estate. (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)
1692 NEng/MA Andover* 1 Osgood, Mary f (Source: Robbins, Russell Hope. The Encyclopedia of Witchcraft and Demonology. New York: Bonanza Books, 1959)
1692 NEng/MA Andover* 1 Paine, Ellizabeth f Examined. (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977) (Aka Payne, Elizabeth)
1692 (9/22) NEng/MA Salem (T)* 1 Parker, Alice f Hanged (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)
1692 (9/22) NEng/MA Andover* 1 Parker, Mary f Hanged (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)
1692 (9/22) NEng/MA Andover* 1 Parker, Sarah f Examined (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)
1692 NEng/MA Salem (T)* 1 Pease, Sarah f Examined. (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)
1692 NEng/MA Gloucester* 1 Peney, Joan f Examined. Impoverished widow (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977; Heyrman, Christine. Commerce and Culture, The Maritime Communities of Colonial Massachusetts, 1650-1750)
1692 NEng/MA Rowley* 1 Post, Hannah f Examined. (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)
1692 NEng/MA Rowley* 1 Post, Mary f Examined. (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)
1692 NEng/MA Andover* 1 Post, Sarah f (Source: Robbins, Russell Hope. The Encyclopedia of Witchcraft and Demonology. New York: Bonanza Books, 1959)
1692 NEng/MA Andover* 1 Post, Susannah f Examined. (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)
1692 NEng/MA Gloucester* 1 Prince, Margaret f Examined. A Widow. (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977; Heyrman, Christine. Commerce and Culture, The Maritime Communities of Colonial Massachusetts, 1650-1750)
1692 NEng/MA Gloucester* 1 Prince, Mary f (May also be listed as Martha Prince) Daughter of Margaret Prince (Source: Robbins, Russell Hope. The Encyclopedia of Demonology and Witchcraft. New York: Bonanza Books, 1959; Heyrman, Christine. Commerce and Culture, The Maritime Communities of Colonial Massachusetts, 1650-1750)
1692 NEng/MA Salem (T)* 1 Proctor, Benjamin m Examined. (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)
1692 (8/6) NEng/MA Salem (T)* 1 Proctor, Elizabeth f Tried, Convicted, Plead Pregnancy. Sister of Mary de Rich and daughter of the Lynn Quaker, William Bassett Sr. (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977, Robbins, Russell Hope. The Encyclopedia of Witchcraft and Demonology. New York: Bonanza Books, 1959; Heyrman, Christine. Commerce and Culture, The Maritime Communities of Colonial Massachusetts, 1650- 1750)
1692 (8/19) NEng/MA Salem (T)* 1 Proctor, John m Hanged (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)
1692 NEng/MA Salem (T)* 1 Proctor, Sarah f Examined. (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)
1692 NEng/MA Salem (T)* 1 Proctor, William m Examined. (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)
1692 (9/22) NEng/MA Salem (T)* 1 Pudeator, Anne f Hanged (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)
1692 (9/22) NEng/MA Marblehead* 1 Reed, Wilmott f (Aka "Mammy Redd") Hanged. (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977; Heyrman, Christine. Commerce and Culture, The Maritime Communities of Colonial Massachusetts, 1650-1750)
1692 NEng/MA Reading* 1 Rice, Sarah f Examined. (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)
1692 NEng/MA Salem* 1 Riels, Mary de f (Source: Robbins, Russell Hope. The Encyclopedia of Witchcraft and Demonology. New York: Bonanza Books, 1959)
1692 NEng/MA Beverly* 1 Riste, Sarah f (Source: Robbins, Russell Hope. The Encyclopedia of Witchcraft and Demonology. New York: Bonanza Books, 1959)
1692 NEng/MA Gloucester* 1 Roe, Abigail f Accused by "Salem Girls". Examined. Margaret Prince's Granddaughter. (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977; Heyrman, Christine. Commerce and Culture, The Maritime Communities of Colonial Massachusetts, 1650-1750)
1692 NEng/MA Beverly* 1 Roots, Susannah f Examined. (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)
1692 NEng/MA Andover* 1 Salter, Henry m Examined. (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)
1692 NEng/MA Andover* 1 Sawdy, John m Examined. (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)
1692 (9/22) NEng/MA Rowley* 1 Scott, Margaret f Hanged (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)
1692 NEng/MA Woburn* 1 Sears, Ann f Examined. (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)
1692 NEng/MA Salem ?* 1 Sheldon, Susannah f Examined. (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)
1692 NEng/MA Salem (T)* 1 Somes, Abigail f Examined. An Invalid. Sister of John Somes, a Boston Quaker. She is listed by some sources as a resident of Gloucester. (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977 Robbins, Russell Hope. The Encyclopedia of Witchcraft and Demonology. New York: Bonanza Books, 1959; Heyrman, Christine. Commerce and Culture, The Maritime Communities of Colonial Massachusetts, 1650-1750)
1692 NEng/MA Chelmsford* 1 Sparks, Martha f Examined. (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)
1692 NEng/MA Reading* 1 Taylor, Mary f Examined. (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)
1692 (2/29) NEng/MA Salem (T)* 1 Tituba f Tried, Held in Jail. Carib Indian Slave (sometimes refered to as a Negro slave) tried (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)
1692 NEng/MA Beverly* 1 Tookey, Job f Examined. (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)(Aka Tukey)
1692 NEng/MA Billerica* 1 Toothaker, (fnu) f Examined. (Daughter of Mary) (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)
1692 NEng/MA Billerica* 1 Toothaker, Jerson m Examined. (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)(aka Jason)
1692 NEng/MA Billerica* 1 Toothaker, Mary f Examined. (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)
1692 NEng/MA Billerica* 1 Toothaker, Roger m Examined. (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)
1692 NEng/MA Andover* 1 Tyler, Hannah f (Source: Robbins, Russell Hope. The Encyclopedia of Witchcraft and Demonology. New York: Bonanza Books, 1959)
1692 NEng/MA Andover* 1 Tyler, Johanna f Examined. (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)
1692 NEng/MA Andover* 1 Tyler, Martha f Confessed (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)
1692 NEng/MA ?* 1 Usher, Hezekiah m (Source: Robbins, Russell Hope. The Encyclopedia of Witchcraft and Demonology. New York: Bonanza Books, 1959)
1692 NEng/MA Ipswich? 1 Vinson, Rachael f (aka "Widow" Vincent) Examined. Some sources suggests that she was from Gloucester. Her family had allegedly been implicated in an earlier witchcraft case? (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977; Heyrman, Christine. Commerce and Culture, The Maritime Communities of Colonial Massachusetts, 1650- 1750)
1692 NEng/MA Andover* 1 Wardwell, Mary f (Source: Robbins, Russell Hope. The Encyclopedia of Witchcraft and Demonology. New York: Bonanza Books, 1959)
1692 NEng/MA Andover* 1 Wardwell, Mercy f Examined. (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)
1692 (9/22) NEng/MA Andover* 1 Wardwell, Samuel f Hanged. Probably the "Village Fortune Teller" (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977; Heyrman, Christine. Commerce and Culture, The Maritime Communities of Colonial Massachusetts, 1650-1750)
1692 NEng/MA Andover* 1 Wardwell, Sarah f Examined. (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)
1692 NEng/MA Salem (T)* 1 Warren, Mary f (Source: Robbins, Russell Hope. The Encyclopedia of Witchcraft and Demonology. New York: Bonanza Books, 1959)
1692 NEng/MA Salem (T)* 1 Warren, Sarah f Examined. (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)
1692 NEng/MA Salem (T)* 1 White, Mrs f (Source: Robbins, Russell Hope. The Encyclopedia of Witchcraft and Demonology. New York: Bonanza Books, 1959)
1692 (7/19) NEng/MA Topsfield* 1 Wildes, Sarah f Hanged (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)
1692 NEng/MA Haverhill* 1 Wilford, Ruth f Examined. (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)
1692 (8/19) NEng/MA Salem (V)* 1 Willard, John m Hanged (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)
1692 NEng/MA Salem (V)* 1 Williams, Abigail f Examined. (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)
1692 NEng/MA Andover* 1 Wilson, Sarah (Jr.) f Examined. (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)
1692 NEng/MA Andover* 1 Wilson, Sarah (Sr.) f Confessed (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977)
1692 NEng/MA Salem (V)* 1 Witheridge, Mary f Examined. (Sources: Boyer and Nissenbaum. The Salem Witchcraft papers. 1977) (aka Whittredge, Mary)
1693 NEng/CT Stratford 1 Crotia, Hugh m Jury found no bill. (Source: Taylor, John M. The Witchcraft Delusion in Colonial Connecticut, 1647-1697. New York: Burt Franklin, 1971).
1693 NEng/MA Andover* 1 Post, Sarah f (Source: Robbins, Russell Hope. The Encyclopedia of Witchcraft and Demonology. New York: Bonanza Books, 1959)
1694 VA/Kg & Queen Co 1 Cane, Nell f ??? Mrs Ball accused her of having "Ridden" her twice. (Source: Davis, Richard Beale "The Devil in Virginia in the Seventeenth Century" Virginia Magazine of History and Biography 65 (1957) 131-49.)
1694 (1/11) VA/Westmoreland 1 Money, Phyllis f Acquitted. She countersued her accuser, William Earle for defamation, but received no damages. She was alleged to have cast a spell on Henry Dunkin's horse, and to have taught her daughter, Dunkin's wife to be a Witch, and to have taught Dunkin to be a Wizard. (Source: Davis, Richard Beale "The Devil in Virginia in the Seventeenth Century" Virginia Magazine of History and Biography 65 (1957) 131-49.)
1695 VA/Westmoreland 1 Dunkin, Elizabeth f Acquitted. Henry Dunkin accused John and Elizabeth Dunkin. She countersued for 40000 Pounds in damages, and received 40. (Source: Davis, Richard Beale "The Devil in Virginia in the Seventeenth Century" Virginia Magazine of History and Biography 65 (1957) 131-49.)
1695 VA/Westmoreland 1 Dunkin, James m Acquitted. Henry Dunkin accused John and Elizabeth Dunkin. (Source: Davis, Richard Beale "The Devil in Virginia in the Seventeenth Century" Virginia Magazine of History and Biography 65 (1957) 131-49.)
1695 VA/Kg & Queen Co 1 Morris, Eleanor f ??? Mrs Ball accused her of sorcery. Mrs. Morris's husband countersued for defamation, and received 500 Pounds (Source: Davis, Richard Beale "The Devil in Virginia in the Seventeenth Century" Virginia Magazine of History and Biography 65 (1957) 131-49.)
1697 NEng/CT, Hartford 1 Benham, Winifred f Excommunicated, but Acquitted. (Source: Robbins, Russell Hope. The Encyclopedia of Witchcraft and Demonology. New York: Bonanza Books, 1959; Taylor, John M. The Witchcraft Delusion in Colonial Connecticut, 1647-1697. New York: Burt Franklin, 1971)
1697 NEng/CT, Hartford 1 Benham, Winifred f Excommunicated, but Acquitted. Daughter of the above. (Source: Robbins, Russell Hope. The Encyclopedia of Witchcraft and Demonology. New York: Bonanza Books, 1959; Taylor, John M. The Witchcraft Delusion in Colonial Connecticut, 1647-1697. New York: Burt Franklin, 1971)
1697 (2/4) VA/Pr.Anne (Nrflk) 1 Sherwood, Grace f Acquitted, Countersued accuser for defamation (Source: Davis, Richard Beale "The Devil in Virginia in the Seventeenth Century" Virginia Magazine of History and Biography 65 (1957) 131-49.)
1697 (2/4) VA/Pr.Anne (Nrflk) 1 Sherwood, James m Acquitted, Countersued accuser for defamation (Source: Davis, Richard Beale "The Devil in Virginia in the Seventeenth Century" Virginia Magazine of History and Biography 65 (1957) 131-49.)
1698 (7/8) VA/Pr.Anne (Nrflk) 1 Byrd, Anne f Acquitted. Countersued accuser for defamation (Source: Davis, Richard Beale "The Devil in Virginia in the Seventeenth Century" Virginia Magazine of History and Biography 65 (1957) 131-49.)
1698 (7/8) VA/Pr.Anne (Nrflk) 1 Byrd, John m Acquitted. Countersued accuser for defamation (Source: Davis, Richard Beale "The Devil in Virginia in the Seventeenth Century" Virginia Magazine of History and Biography 65 (1957) 131-49.)
1698 (9/10) VA/Pr.Anne (Nrflk) 1 Sherwood, Grace f Acquitted, Countersued accuser for defamation (Source: Davis, Richard Beale "The Devil in Virginia in the Seventeenth Century" Virginia Magazine of History and Biography 65 (1957) 131-49.)
1698 (9/10) VA/Pr.Anne (Nrflk) 1 Sherwood, James m Acquitted, Countersued accuser for defamation (Source: Davis, Richard Beale "The Devil in Virginia in the Seventeenth Century" Virginia Magazine of History and Biography 65 (1957) 131-49.)
1702 (1/15) Maryland Charles Co. 1 Prout, Katherine f Technically not a Witchcraft Trial, but rather Charles Killiburn brought suit against the witch. She was fines 100 pounds of Tobacco. He later re-sued her for slander and was awarded 1101 lbs of tobacco. She countersued one of the witnesses for slandering her. (Sources: Parke, Frances Neal "Witchcraft in Maryland", Maryland Historical Magazine 31:4 (Dec 1936) p.271- 298.)
1703 S. Carolina ? ? ? Judge Nicholas Trott of Charleston. (Source: Robbins, Russell Hope. The Encyclopedia of Witchcraft and Demonology. New York: Bonanza Books, 1959)
1705 VA/Pr.Anne (Nrflk) 1 Sherwood, Grace f After declining to appear before the court, she was arrested and put to the Water Test. She was remanded to to the county jail and clapped in irons. The record ends there, although there is a record of her will being written 8/20/1733. (Source: Davis, Richard Beale "The Devil in Virginia in the Seventeenth Century" Virginia Magazine of History and Biography 65 (1957) 131-49.)
1709 S. Carolina ? ? ? (Source: Robbins, Russell Hope. The Encyclopedia of Witchcraft and Demonology. New York: Bonanza Books, 1959)
1712 (5/10) Maryland Annapolis 1 Violl, Virtue f Acquitted. Spinster. She lived in Talbott County. (Sources: Parke, Frances Neal "Witchcraft in Maryland", Maryland Historical Magazine 31:4 (Dec 1936) p.271-298.)
1724 NEng/CT, Colchester 1 Spencer, Sarah f Accused. Awarded damages against Elizabeth and John Ackley of 1 shilling. (Source: Taylor, John M. The Witchcraft Delusion in Colonial Connecticut, 1647-1697. New York: Burt Franklin, 1971)
1730 NEng/NJ, Mount Holly * * * A Hoax purpetrated by Benjamin Franklin in the Pennsylvania Gazette. No such trial ever occured. (Source: Robbins, Russell Hope. The Encyclopedia of Witchcraft and Demonology. New York: Bonanza Books, 1959)
1760 NEng/CT, Bristol 1 Norton, (fnu) f Suspicioned. No record of the outcome. (Source: Taylor, John M. The Witchcraft Delusion in Colonial Connecticut, 1647-1697. New York: Burt Franklin, 1971)
after 1762 New Mexico, La Cañada ? ? ? Condemned into servitude. Governor Thomas Velez Cachupin has a number of indians living at Albiquiú tried for witchcraft (Sources Twitchell, Ralph Emerson, Leading Facts of New Mexican History Cedar Rapids: Torch Press, 1911).
1778 NEng/MA, Salem 1 Spofford, Daniel m The "Ipswich Witchcraft Case", both plantif and defendant were students of Mary Baker Eddy. (Source: Robbins, Russell Hope. The Encyclopedia of Witchcraft and Demonology. New York: Bonanza Books, 1959)
Added to these should be the "Satanic Ritual Abuse" trials of the late 20th century.
Some Statistics:
1645-1662 New England 58 ??? ?
Tried. 75% Women; 36.6 executed (Source: in Levack.)
1663-1692 New England 250+ ??? ?
Arrests; 19 executed, 3 died in prison, 1 under torture. (Source: in Levack.)
1692 185 listed above
-1700 New France 3? ??? ? (Source: in Levack.)
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Historical Witches and Witchtrials in North America
This material is under copyright by I. Marc Carlson, unless specifically cited otherwise. The non-commercial use of these images and text is encouraged, and does not require explicit written permission from I. Marc Carlson as long as the following statement is included on each copy: Copyright © I. Marc Carlson, 1998, 2000
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