EmilyGreen wrote:littlek - that's an interesting point, although I think Iceland was founded by people who didn't want to be forced to be Christian... so doesn't that lack religious mandate? They had religious reasons, though, I guess, so maybe it doesn't lack religious mandate.
I always question when people use the words always and never.
This is only tangentially correct. The Norge (we would say Norwegians) who colonized Iceland were getting out of Dodge because they did not want to be under the thumb of a King, Harald Fairhair, who was said to have united the Norge in 872 CE--although not so thoroughly that many of the chieftans were not willing to defy him, and sail away if necessary to keep their independence. Very little is known of him, and the two near contemporary sources, two skaldic poems, don't deal with the subject of religion. He had a Danish wife (apparently--maybe), and upon that basis, accounts of him from the 12th centuries, more than 250 years after he was supposed to have lived, claim that he "christianized" Norway. That is suspect because the sources were Christians, and Christians, especially in pre-modern times, are notorious liars about such matters. Also, if Norway had been unified and "christianized" by Fairhair, one has to ask why purely historical sources (those not necessarily produced by the church, and sources from other regions--it is noteworthy that there are no sources outside Norway for Harald Fairhair) claim that Norway was converted to Christianity by Hakon and St. Olav, over a century after the battle at which Harald Fairhair was alleged to have unified Norway.
What is more likely is that chieftans, barons if you will, didn't care for the drift toward unification and centralization under ambitious men, and went "aviking" with a view to finding someplace else to live.
One of the most interesting sagas of this period is
Laxdaela Saga, which begins with the account of Uhn the Deepminded, a woman who leads her "tribe" to Iceland after he father is killed in Scotland while fleeing Iceland to avoid the impositions of a King, perhaps Harald Fairhair. It was not written, probably, until the 13th century--however, it is interesting in that it makes no mention of Christians and Christianity, other than oblique references to priests, who are assumed to be Christian, simply because the Norge had no priests in their pre-Christian times. It is also interesting in that it is thought to have been written by a woman.
As Iceland was settled from the early 9th century onward (some few historians think there might have been settlements in the 8th century, but most think that those were seasonal fishing and whaling camps), and Norway has been traditionally and historically considered to have been
"christianized" at the end of the 10th and beginning of the 11th century, it is unlikely that anyone colonized the island to escape the Christians. People may well have gone there to settle later on for that reason, though.