How the western countries to take the political measures?

In many western nations, the people vote in order to make decisions. They might vote for people who will make decisions for them, or they might vote on the decisions themselves. So, for example, in the United States, people vote for school boards. A school board is a group of people who make decisions about how the children will be educated, and how money will be spent for schools. The people also vote on property tax levies and bond issues. A property tax levy means that the amount of money people pay in taxes on the property they own is increased, usually to help pay for the schools, or for teaching materials. A bond issue means that the school board will issue bonds, which are promises to pay interest on money borrowed. So if the school board issues bonds, i might buy $10,000 worth of bonds, and the school board promises to pay me interest on the money, and to repay the money within a certain period of time. Money from bond issues is usually used for large, expensive projects, such as building new schools.