Amigo wrote:We beat the french with rakes and pitch forks. We stopped them from coming up through mexico to the south were they were going to help the confederates. But we stopped them. It's called the 'Battle of Puebla' or Cynco de Mayo. So it's appropriate that we celebrate together.
Actually, you're denigrating the military skill of the Mexicans in an attempt to make them sound more heroic. The conservatives in Mexico put down two peasant revolutions in Mexico after Napoleon deposed Ferdinand in 1808, and revolution raged in the rest of Latin America. However, after the Napoleonic wars, Ferdinand was deposed by his own people, and the Isabellistas (named after Queen Isabel) installed a reform, liberal goverment at Madrid. The Mexican conservatives promptly rebelled against the liberal government of Spain, in 1820, and promulgated a constitution in 1824. This government was promptly overthrown in another conservative coup. One conservative after the other engineered a coup, with Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna being the most successful at making himself Presidente on the bayonets of the army. Even his defeat and capture by the "Texicans" in 1836 did not long keep him from power--it took the American war to accomplish his final, definintive downfall. This process of continuous coups, the Texas War and the American war, however, eventually exhausted the conservatives, and a reform movement finally grew strong enough to challenge the government. The Army of the Reform finally defeated the conservatives in 1859. The conservatives, however, riposted by beseiging the President of the United States of Mexico, cutting him off from all communication with the government. Nothing daunted, the President of the Supreme Court, Benito Juarez, declared himself the acting President based on the provisions of the latest constitution.
Disgruntled by the pretensions of Santa Anna, Mexican conservatives had haunted the capitals of Europe for a generation, looking for a monarch. They finally lined up the younger brother of the Emperor of Austria, Maximilian (the brother's name, not the Emperor's), who got a promise of support from the so-called Napoleon III. In 1862, the French landed a Franco-Belgian army at Vera Cruz. The French were then considered to have the best army in the world (no one was willing to admit that the Americans were in the running, and no one was willing to take them on, either--civil war or no civil war). Therefore, just as Cortez had done, and just as Winfield Scott had done, they march for the interior to escape the
vomito, the lethal fever of the lowlands on the coast. At Puebla, their conservative Mexican advisors suggested that although the peons of the countryside supported the Army of the Reform, the people of the city of Puebla were conservatives, and would support them, if they would just
not attack the city from the north (the national road passed Puebla to the north), but rather, would march to the west, and support a popular uprising in the city which would drive out the Army of the Reform.
But, the French were too cool, and they scorned the idea. They lined up their infantry, without cavalry support, to assault the "Black Fort" on the north side of the city. The Mexican artillery began ripping great gaps in the French lines, but being the veteran professionals they were, they waited until their lines were dressed and then began their advance. After all, hadn't they taken Sebastapol from the Russians after their English partners failed miserably? The Mexican skirmishers shot down as many officers as the could, and then began running. The French fell for it hook, line and sinker, and began to rush toward the Fort, only discovering too late that this lead them into a shallow ravine about a half a mile from the fort. The Mexican infantry turned, and started to pour volleys into the now foundering French infantry line. Then the Mexican
lanceros appeared on either flank, and rode down the French infantry, sending them reeling back in complete route. Only the timely action of the French artillery saved them from complete destruction.
After the end of the American Civil War, Grant sent Sheridan with 30,000 troops to the Rio Grande, and the French decided to get out of Dodge. The conservatives were down, never to rise again. But Juarez and the liberals showed they could be just as incompetent at government as the conservatives. One of the heros of the Fifth of May had been Porfiro Diaz, who had lead the
lanceros who had broken the French line. He rose rapidly in the Army of the Reform, in large measure because he was from Oaxaca, as was Juarez. In 1876--the same year that Santa Anna died--Diaz was elected President. But he didn't feel that his powers were broad enough, so in 1878, he organized a coup against his own government, and declared hismelf President for Life. He held on until 1911, when a popular uprising, heavily funded by American investors, toppled his government.
Diaz once said:
Poor Mexico, so far from God, so close to the United States.
an' thas the truf . . .