The third and last castle presented here, is a bit more frequented by tourists, but there are good reasons to do so:
Château de Vincennes
Avenue de Paris
94300 Vincennes
Vincennes, with the Louvre, is the only castle to have had such a long existence. Charles V and Charles VI turned it into a place fit for governing and administrating the kingdom.
The château of Vincennes, which succeeded an earlier fortified hunting lodge on the site, consists of four principal buildings?-the keep, the chapel, and two pavilions?-enclosed by an enceinte with nine towers. The magnificent and well-preserved keep, the finest surviving in France, 170 ft (52 m) in height, was begun under Philip VI, completed under Charles V (reigned 1364-80), and used thereafter as a royal residence until Versailles was built. The chapel, not completed until 1552 but in Gothic style, has a Flamboyant facade and a great rose window. The two pavilions?-the Pavillon du Roi and the Pavillon de la Reine?-were built by Louis Le Vau, under the direction of Cardinal Mazarin, during the third quarter of the 17th century.
After the court deserted the château, it had a checkered history, being used as a porcelain factory, a cadet school, and a small-arms factory. In 1791, during the Revolution, the Marquis de Lafayette saved it from destruction. Napoleon converted it into an arsenal, and in 1840 it was turned into a fortress. The army was removed in 1930 and restoration started, to be interrupted during World War II when the Germans had a supply depot there; in 1944 part of the Pavillon de la Reine was destroyed by an explosion.
The château has many associations with French history. Four kings of France died there?-Louis X, Philip V, Charles IV, and Charles IX?-as did Henry V of England and Mazarin. During the reign of Louis XIII it was used as a state prison, and its prisoners included the Great Condé, the Cardinal de Retz, Denis Diderot, and the Comte de Mirabeau; the Duc d'Enghien was shot there in 1804.
The Bois de Vincennes was enclosed in the 12th century and, as a royal hunting preserve, was the reason for the château being built there.