Concerning Saddam Hussien, I am glad that justice is soon to be served.
Concerning the constitution, I think they are getting closer, they have a draft.
http://www.guardian.co.uk/worldlatest/story/0,1280,-5166027,00.html
Iraq Constitution Draft Links Islam, Law
Monday July 25, 2005 10:01 PM
AP Photo BAG122
By QASSIM ABDUL-ZAHRA
Associated Press Writer
BAGHDAD, Iraq (AP) - A chapter of Iraq's draft constitution obtained by The Associated Press on Monday gives Islam a major role in Iraqi civil law, raising concerns that women could lose rights in marriage, divorce and inheritance.
The proposal also appears to rule out non-governmental militias, an area addressed Monday by the new U.S. ambassador, Zalmay Khalilzad. Urging Iraqis to build national institutions, he said there is no place for factional forces that ``build the infrastructure for a future civil war.''
The civil law section, one of six to make up Iraq's new charter, covers the rights and duties of citizens and public and private freedoms. The language in the chapter is not final, but members of the charter drafting committee said there was agreement on most of its wording.
Committee members have been rushing to complete the constitution so the Iraqi National Assembly can set the final wording by Aug. 15. Parliament's version would be put to a public vote by mid-October, and if approved, elections would follow by the year's end.
The drafting panel's efforts got a boost Monday when its 12 Sunni Arab members ended a boycott, easing fears the document might be rejected by the ethnic community at the heart of the insurgency.
Sunni Arab support is crucial because the charter can be scuttled if voters in three of Iraq's 18 provinces reject it by a two-thirds majority - and Sunni Arabs are a majority in four provinces. Sunni Arabs make up about 20 percent of Iraq's 27 million people but dominate areas where the insurgency is raging.
A Sunni member of the constitutional commission, Saleh al-Mutlaq, told AP that he and his 11 colleagues agreed to resume work after receiving assurances from the government that their grievances would be addressed.
Those concerns included better security after last week's assassination of two colleagues, which triggered the boycott, and for an expanded role for the Sunni Arab minority in the constitutional deliberations.
Most worrying for women's groups has been the section on civil rights, which some feel would significantly roll back women's rights under a 1959 civil law enacted by a secular regime.
In the copy obtained by AP, Article 19 of the second chapter says ``the followers of any religion or sect are free to choose their civil status according to their religious or sectarian beliefs.''
Shiite Muslim leaders have pushed for a stronger role for Islam in civil law but women's groups argue that could base legal interpretations on stricter religious lines that are less favorable toward women.
Under Islamic law, a woman gets half of what a man would get when it comes to inheritance. Men also have the power when it comes to initiating divorces.
Committee members said Monday they had taken account of women's concerns, but said they were not planning to make changes since the National Assembly will have final say on the wording.
Last week, Qassim Dawoud, a member of former Prime Minister Ayad Allawi's secular bloc in parliament, told reporters: ``I can assure that (there will be) no humiliation to the rights of women in the new Iraq.''
Committee member Khudayer al-Khuzai said Muslims would be free to choose which Islamic sect they want to be judged under the proposed civil law.
``We will not force anyone to adopt any sect at all. People are free to choose the sect they see as better or more legitimate. This is implemented in marriage, inheritance and all civil rights,'' he said.
Not all Shiite laws are disadvantageous for women. Many Sunni Muslims who have only daughters prefer to follow Shiite religious law when it comes to inheritance since daughters inherit everything their parents leave. Under Sunni rules, daughters have to share their inheritance with uncles, aunts and grandparents.
While not specifically addressing militias, the draft chapter would permit Iraqis to form only political parties and would ban individuals from possessing weapons.
``There is no place for militias,'' said al-Khuzai, a Shiite. ``We have even made it clear for non-governmental organizations that they should not have any secret or military activities.''
Earlier in the day, the U.S. ambassador spoke against militias - a clear signal to groups in Iraq's dominant Shiite Arab and Kurdish communities that have maintained armed groups since they were in opposition to Saddam Hussein's regime.
Khalilzad, who took up his ambassador's post over the weekend, told reporters the U.S. government believes Iraqis must focus on building strong national institutions.
``Regarding the militias, of course, our position is clear,'' he said. ``... We don't want to do anything that creates longer term problems for Iraq in terms of the problem of warlordism or the problem of building an infrastructure for a future civil war.''
In other areas, the chapter obtained by AP would make the judiciary independent, require public trials, ban torture and require a judicial order to detain anyone. Child labor, which flourished in the 1990s after the United Nations imposed sanctions on Iraq, would be banned.
Also, the draft would prevent tens of thousands of Iraqi Jews who emigrated to Israel in the 1950s from getting back their Iraqi citizenship. It says only Iraqis who lost their citizenship after Saddam's Baath Party came to power in 1963 ``will be allowed to get it back.''
Meanwhile, a minibus packed with explosives blew up Monday at a checkpoint outside a hotel once used by American contract workers, killing at least 12 people and wounding at least 18. A second suicide bomber killed two Iraqi commandos and injured 10 people in an attack at a police garrison in the capital.
A U.S. soldier was killed Monday when a roadside bomb exploded under his vehicle near Samarra, 60 miles north of Baghdad, the U.S. command said. At least 1,778 U.S. military personnel have died since the Iraq war began in March 2003, according to an Associated Press count.
