@cicerone imposter,
Well the lesson we learned here was that the cleanup from our early industrial excesses wasn't nearly as difficult or expensive as the early forecasters suggested, I suspect the same will be true in China. Beijing certainly has a very serious air pollution problem - an apparent result of extensive use of low heating value coal in often crude heat engines serving large numbers of small factories and, as well, local climactic conditions. It's something like that in London during the 1950s (or Los Angeles during the 1970s). However they are building numerous nuclear power plants, expanding their currently limited gas infrastructure and improving the distributions systems for electrical power at a rapid pace.
In due course they will limit plant & urban discharges into rivers toi address that aspect of the problem. I have a feeling that they are well aware of the tradeoffs they have made between wealth creation and the environment and believe they have, for the most part made the right choices. When you are shivering in a cold, dark hovel, its hard to focus on the environmental damage that a warm coal fire might yield. However, as they get richer, they are likely to focus more on the environmental issues - just as we did. Right now they are in a hurry to escape poverty and I don't fault them for that.
In this area as well I believe they are following a similar path as the one we did, but on a highly compressed time line. That is something I believe we should keep in mind as we criticize them for actions we also took in analogous circumstances.