@Cycloptichorn,
I don't see any basic disagreement here, except that I see private or individual / company research has been the primary driver, as allowed by free markets, vs your apparent belief or ci's apparent belief that government is the primary driver. I wonder if it is no coincidence that scientific progress has occurred in the last few hundred years - because of more practice of free markets, private property rights, and individualism, vs age old socialistic systems? I realize this is bordering on speculation, but I think it is a very interesting subject.
To expand on a little speculation, some people will accuse me of running on about a tangent here, but I have done alot of traveling around the west, including indian reservations, and it has led me to think that possibly the primary reason why some tribes had stayed more primitive was their socialistic or communistic type of lifestyles. That is changing some now I think, but it was a communal mindset, without private property ownership, etc., and decisions were made communally, such as via the Navajo Chapter Houses. I am not criticizing it, that is a culture, I am only making an observation. After all, I also find it interesting that some of the root stock of these peoples come from Asia, so the degree of intelligence and potential industrialization given the right system to live under - would have been just as great as has occurred in Asia. Look at the great intelligence and innovation that have come out of Japan for example. Perhaps this is why some college professors teach that the white Europeans brought an evil mindset to America, and perhaps why many diehard environmentalists oppose modernization, capitalism, and industrial progress, they would rather return to a more aboriginal way of life? I think this also helps explain why environmentalists gravitate toward socialism and communism, as they have an aversion to industrialization and capitalism, or individualism, private property rights, etc.
Go ahead and scoff at my speculation if you wish, but I still find the subject fascinating. As a sidelight to where indians came from, I know of a Vietnamese woman that came to the Four Corners and always got disenchanted when people thought she was a Ute indian. She looked very much like a Ute, or even a Navajo.