Europe Slips on Emissions Growth
More coal use pushes up EU greenhouse gas emissions
Emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases rose by 1.5% in the EU between 2002 and 2003 according to the latest national estimates collated by the European Environment Agency. Under the Kyoto Protocol on climate change, the EU's 15 older member states have to cut their combined greenhouse gas emissions, averaged over the 2008-2012 period, to 8% below the 1990 level. Up to 2003 it was 2.9%. A rise in coal use for electricity generation pushed up EU emissions of greenhouse gases in 2003.
The EU's commissioner for environment, Stavros Dimas said that the figures were "disappointing" and called on EU member states to fully implement all the emission-reduction actions, both at EU and national levels. Mr Dimas also pointed out that the EU Emissions Trading Scheme was not yet in place in 2003 and remains confident that the EU will achieve its Kyoto targets once these kick in fully. The Commission also expects to spend the next few months evaluating new projections from national authorities that take account of these policies and measures.
Coal re-emerges as key factor
The 1.3% increase of greenhouse gas emissions of the 15 original member states in 2003 equates to an extra 53 million tonnes of unwanted gases. Almost half of this rise - 24 million tonnes - was due to a 2.1% increase in emissions from energy industries, caused mainly by 5% growth in electricity and heat production and in coal consumption by power stations. Coal produces higher emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), the main greenhouse gas, than other fossil fuels. The biggest emission rises from electricity and heat production were in those countries which substantially increased their coal use.
Emissions from households and the services sector also rose considerably (by 18 million tonnes, or 2.8%), partly due to colder than usual weather in the first quarter of the year in the same countries which increased their heating needs. Industry saw its emissions rise by 17 million tonnes, or 2.1%, while transport emissions increased by 6 million tonnes, or 0.7%.
Measures to reduce emissions
Since these figures were collected in 2003 the Commission's European Climate Change Programme has identified 42 European measures to help reach the Kyoto targets in cost-effective ways. Most of these measures are now in place and should hopefully also have a positive effect on the results in years to come.
For instance, the EU Emissions Trading Scheme was launched only on 1 January this year. Directives on the taxation of energy products and the promotion of biofuels in transport also become effective only this year. Some proposals, for example for controlling emissions of fluorinated greenhouse gases used in air conditioning, are still awaiting adoption by the EU institutions.
Projections
The latest projections of future emissions, published last December, indicated that the 15 original EU member countries could achieve emissions reduction of just over 8% by 2010 by fully implementing existing and planned measures and by obtaining emission credits through the Kyoto Protocol's project-based mechanisms.
European Commission/Tiscali Europe,
21 June 2005
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