Off the wall

I have no issue with it. That shouldn't shock you.

Would it cause problems with the electric in the rest of the house?

Not in my house..or yours. Shut off the circuit breaker to that circuit, then cap off the wires.

I'm definitely no electrician, not close at all, but wouldn't that mean I couldn't use the rest of the outlets/lights attached to that breaker?

Like ragman said, put a electric cap nut on each wire, and maybe some electric tape over them if they are not going to be used at all. Then hide them up in the ceiling. Since they are independent outlet wires, they should not affect any other wiring in the house. Turn off the house main breaker before touching those wires. Black wire is the live one, but treat the white one with care too.