@Miller,
Miller wrote: " Then, how did LINKAT's insurance go from $11,000/year to $17,000/year after the "birth" of Obamacare"? She has stated that the insurance plan she had prior to the Obamacare mess, was deleted from the list of companies available to her in Massachusetts, and to receive comparable health care associated with previous years, she was forced to change to the $17,000/year plan."
Obamacare requires certain services to be provided under insurance plans. So if the plan was pulled from the market it was probably bare bones insurance, which made it cheap. Now, apparently (though I asked for but haven't received clarification on this point), the author of this thread has income too high to qualify for federal subsidies under Obamacare. To keep his premiums low, probably because he smokes and/or had had chronic health problems, he chose a high deductible plan.
However, a high annual deductible doesn't automatically equate to high annual costs in the general instance. Preventive care is free under Obamacare. If you have zero dollars in medical bills during the year, you pay zero for the year no matter how high the deductible. If you get two bills for $500 each during the year you pay $1,000 for the year.
Miller wrote: " In reality, individuals like LINKAT are paying higher insurance rates, so that those in the population who can't afford health insurance, orthose who refuse to buy health insurance can be covered for health care services, in ERs and clinics having large populations of indigent individuals."
Indigent individuals qualify for Medicaid. (Though a major problem with Obamacare is that states don't have to expand their Medicaid coverage thresholds to meet ACA standards.) The law requires everyone else to purchase insurance and low-income households who nevertheless make too much to qualify for Medicaid get generous subsidies covering all or most of the cost of insurance.
In reality, all health insurance uses the healthy premium payers to subsidize the sick ones (and company profits). So non-users of services always pay for the services of users. The same is true for fire insurance, and insurance in general.