@vikorr,
-"why is there so much violence in the name of Islam "
If you replace the word "west", with the word "Christianity", you may start to think a little differently about who has dished out the most violence in modern times.
To most muslims in the middle east, "west" and "christian" mean much the same thing when it comes to neighbourhoods exploding.
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" why is that violence so widespread - happening in so many countries"
Please be more specific about all this. What level of violence? Which countries?
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" why is the level of violence in the name of Islam so severe"......
Please clarify. You are possibly referring to beheadings? If so, it is in my view, a "shock and awe" tactic. Who do you think came up with that particular strategy? How many beheadings have come about by smart bomb in the past fifteen odd years?
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" why is there not a large scale muslim outcry against the above"
Maybe because the western press doesn't really persue such stories, as there is no mileage in it with their readers?
Here's a recent one.....
http://www.theboltonnews.co.uk/news/bolton/11524297.Bolton_s_Muslim_community_raises___30_000_in_tribute_to_Alan_Henning/?ref=twtrec
And one from three years ago......
http://blogs.telegraph.co.uk/news/edwest/100114457/muslim-youths-will-be-out-in-force-today-collecting-money-for-the-british-legion/
(A ten second search)
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- "why do so many islamic leaders support the violence ('so many' does not equate to the majority)"
Assumptive question. Please specify who these are.
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- "why do so many followers sympathise with the violence"
Again, massively assumptive question. Any chance of a few facts to back this up?
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-" why is the religion so intolerant of: polytheists, women having power (this seems endemic - I don't if the religion has anything on it to say per se), people making fun of their prophet (which attracts a death sentence), people converting to other religions (which can also attract a death sentence)"
Maybe it's because this particular religion has not moved with the times? I am anti religion so am possibly on your side with this particular point, but it would be more productive for you to ask for an authority on Islam to answer these questions, rather than assume and/or speculate.
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- "why, when it is the majority religion, do the followers want to seize state power,"
Because in my opinion, religion is ALL about power. Rome goes about it in a different way, but desires (and has) worldwide power all the same.
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- "why do Islamic states treat everyone else as a second class citizen? "
Because they think that they are right, and you are wrong. Their god (so they seem to be saying) adopts the exact same strategy as GW Bush, or was it the other way around, ie "You are either with him, or against him."
It shuts up dissenters. Simple.