@Binyamin Tsadik,
Binyamin Tsadik wrote:this discussion is on Instinct as stated in the title.
Small note first, thread title says 'Defining Evil'.
Binyamin Tsadik wrote: [Instinct] is the source of actions called "Evil"
Either you don't understand the definition of "instinct" or we've hit some language barrier here.
Let's imagine a 60
minutes old (also malevolent, according to you, my friend Binyamin) male human baby and have a look at his
behaviour. His name is Clean Slate.
Mr. Slate will suck on anything. Give him a soft piece of cloth, he will suck on it. A bottle with a plastic nipple on it, he will suck on it. He will suck his own thumb while he sleeps. Nobody has taught him to do that, he doesn't have any past experiences, so we can call this behaviour
instinctual.
It has been experimentally tested and observed that Mr. Slate will instinctively look around searching for human faces and that his attention will be focused on one, once he finds it, without ever seeing a mirror or other faces before. This is also
instinctual behaviour. Not much further from this moment, he will also be able to associate facial expressions to emotions like anger or happiness.
Fast forward a few months, still observing Mr. Clean Slate. A toddler now, he crawls around exploring and experiencing the places and objects around him. Again,
instinctively,when he encounters a strange, new object, he will look at a familiar face and observe its reaction. Let's imagine a few situations.
Situation 1. The Slate family is out in the house garden, enjoying the free air, lying down in the grass. Mr. Clean Slate is crawling around, sees a
Giant Black Hairy Spider and reaches to touch it while observing his mother. His mother, who just now notices both the
Giant Black Hairy Spider AND her child extending his hand to touch
it, will display a certain type of facial expression and emit certain sounds in a certain tone and pitch (i.e. she will freak out).
Situation 2. The Slate family has a new dog who hasn't been potty trained yet, and this dog has just taken a big dump in the middle of the carpet. Mr. Clean Slate, crawling around, arrives at the fresh present the dog left on the carpet, extends his little hand and looks at his mother. She will again (more or less) freak out.
Outcome 1. What has Mr. Clean Slate's mind deduced and assimilated from these two experiences of observing his mother ? That both dog poo and
Giant Black Hairy Spiders are contrary to his well being and survival. At this point he is no longer a "clean slate". He has been
led to believe that avoiding poo and
Giant Black Hairy Spiders is in his best interests.
Situation 3. Let's modify Situation 1 for a bit. Let's say the mother is a specialist in arachnology, the science which studies spiders. Because of her domain of expertise she can safely judge that
Giant Black Hairy Spider must be a pet tarantula with the fangs removed, and that this tarantula presents no harm. So she picks it up, and in a calm tone of voice explains to Mr. Slate what spiders are, what species is this spider, etcetera, etcetera.
Outcome 2. In this case, young Mr. Slate will only avoid poo, but won't be afraid
Giant Black Hairy Spiders.
Let's fast forward a few years. The child is 6 years old now and encounters, lo and behold, a
Giant Black Hairy Spider. If he is the kid that
experienced Outcome 2, he will ignore it. If he is the other kid, the one in Outcome 1, he will fear it and distance himself from it or try to kill
it with a stick.
Now, if I was the
Giant Black Hairy Spider I sure as hell would consider someone hitting me with a stick for no apparent reason as being pure evil. But is 6 years old Mr. Slate-which-experienced-Outcome-1
evil ? On top of that, is he doing it
instinctively ? The answer is NO to both questions. Mr. Slate hits me with the stick because he has been led to believe, by an authoritative figure in his live, that I present a danger or that whatever else about me is contrary to his well being and interests.
I'm sure you can adapt this little story to slave owners, their children and slaves, as a child who has grown amongst a slave owning family will not see slave owning as being an evil (immoral) act and be able to later on sleep soundly and carefree at night owning slaves himself.