Analysis of Obama & McCain voice patterns & facial expressions

US election: Analysis tracks candidates' voice patterns and facial expressions
Suzanne Goldenberg in Washington guardian.co.uk
Thursday August 21 2008

Institute in Geneva reviewed footage of Obama and McCain's speeches to see how well both convey emotions. The facial expressions of Barack Obama and John McCain can send messages to voters on the campaign trail.

Barack Obama, generally regarded as a gifted orator, would do well to find time to unwind before he delivers the speech of his lifetime to the Democratic convention next week.

A new analysis of Obama's voice patterns and the delivery of his speeches made available to The Guardian today, found the Democratic candidate somewhat restricted in his range of facial expression.

Specifically, Obama's face is locked in an almost permanent attitude of anxiety, with his forehead muscles contracted.

"In all topics Mr Obama displays a similar worried, serious-looking facial pattern. Even when talking about more positive subjects, his facial expressions do not signal positive affective states," it said.

The analysis, undertaken by the Vox Institute in Geneva for the Clearwater consulting group, reviewed footage of Obama's speeches and those of the Republican, John McCain.

It relied on footage from four speeches conveying a range of emotions as well as digitised voice samples to rate the effectiveness of the two candidates in connecting with voters on the campaign trail.

The habitual worried look is a potential liability for Obama, undermining the image he is trying to project of a confident leader.

The disconnect could be disturbing for audiences, said James McBrien, the founder of Clearwater.

It also undercuts Obama's outward appearance of extreme confidence.

"There is an element of the fact that he is on the edges of his comfort zone here," McBrien said. "Going into a presidential campaign is not something he has done before and you could say it is written all over his face."

Despite that failing Obama was the clear winner against McCain in the oratorical contest. The result is unsurprising given that McCain's own campaign team have gone to some effort to conceal his limitations as a speaker.

McCain has had particular problems adapting to that staple of public speaking -- the Autocue. On the campaign trail, he has favoured smaller venues, where he can take questions from audiences, rather than the grand venues and stirring speeches that have become Obama's signature.

Obama had high scores on six of the eight voice values, including diction, fluency, speed and modulation. His voice could have been a little louder at times, but the study praised his ability to reflect anger, positive emotions, and sadness.

"The dominating attitude as transmitted by his vocal style is that of concern and sincere involvement," it said.

The study also praised Obama's use of hand gestures.

The verdict on McCain was harsh.

The acoustic analysis noted that the Republican's voice was pitched slightly high, and that it remained flat, or emotionless, even while he was talking about sad subjects.

McCain's range of facial expression was just as unvaried. "McCain's facial repertory is very poor," the analysis said. "His smile is often not fully developed ie his cheek-raising muscles do not participate enough in the expression of positive affect (to be perceived as genuine)."

McBrien put it in terms that were even more stark. "He has a poker face," he said. The problem with the lack of expression, according to McBrien, was that it makes it difficult for an audience to trust the speaker.

The Republican is restricted in his range of motion because of injuries sustained during the Vietnam war. He tends to keep his hands by his side when he speaks.

The Vox researchers also picked up on one of McCain's tics.

The candidate who made a campaign slogan of his plainspeaking in the Straight Talk Express has a habit of completely shutting his eyes and slightly smiling immediately before coming out with one of his signature sarcastic comments.