How can you believe the earth is less than 10,000 years old?

Introduction: Flood Basalt Genesis in the
Mantle Plume Model
The mantle plume initiation model for the origin of
continental flood basalts (CFBs) (Richards et al., 1989;
Campbell and Griffiths, 1990), has been widely accepted.
The model postulates that intraplate, "hotspot" volcanism
is caused by mantle plumes - abnormally hot upwellings
that originate at the core-mantle boundary. The model is
largely based on fluid dynamical experiments, which show
that plumes should develop large "heads" by entrainment
of surrounding mantle as they rise through the mantle,
and the heads remain connected to the source region by
narrow, pipe-like "tails". A plume head produces
voluminous flood basalts, whereas a plume tail produces
hot picritic melts. The model has been widely applied to
the Deccan Traps of India, one of the largest and best
examples of CFBs in the world (see Sheth, 2005 and
references therein). The mainstream view is that (i) the
currently active Réunion hotspot on the African plate
represents the tail phase of a deep mantle plume, and
(ii) the Deccan Traps originated from the head of the same
plume during late Cretaceous time when the Indian
subcontinent was drifting over it. This widely accepted
model has been questioned on various grounds, however
(Burke, 1996; Sheth, 1999a, b, 2000, 2005).
The original plume model (Richards et al., 1989;
Campbell and Griffiths, 1990), which assumed a
peridotititic mantle plume, was subsequently revised.
Cordery et al. (1997) found it impossible to produce the
observed amounts of magma in CFBs by melting
peridotitic mantle alone, and argued that mantle plumes
must contain significant amounts of eclogite to be able to
melt sufficiently. Eclogite (and pyroxenite) melt at much
lower temperatures than peridotite (e.g., Yasuda et al.,
1994, 1997; Hirschmann and Stolper, 1996). Eclogite is
essentially a bimineralic rock made up of garnet and
clinopyroxene (omphacite), and accessory minerals like
rutile, quartz, kyanite etc

http://www.mantleplumes.org/WebDocuments/ShethGR2005.pdf


http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/dynamic/himalaya.html

ros, sorry, I had forgotten about this thread and only was checking back in my post list when I noticed Pauligirls last entry.

The answer about India and the frmation of the Himalayas is separate from the concept of the Deccan Basalts. As Pangea began rifting, a whole series of "rifts and plumes" were active in related times
1The first rifting began as South AMerica and AFrica busted apart at teh Parana/Entendeka province(yielding coarse grained rocks of the garnet/hornblende varieties (Nummerous names , I can PM em if youre interested). These rocks are called KIMBERLITES Then the Kaapvaal/grunehoga lines all the way to the Daarling belt (separates Proto India from Antarctica began splitting between 130Ma and 65Ma (that yielded the Deccan Basalts by the method APuligirl described (Its all hydraulics , except its thermodynamically controlled head and pressure). Then the Brito Arctic provinces started splitting about 55 Ma which formed the Newark/GettysburgCulpepper/caledonia basalts(although thee basalts were being flooded out as early as the Triassic. All this was going on as a sort of single related event
,. The rocks that were exuded all bear a specific thermodynamic fingerprint. They are all merely ratios of Silicates with MAgnesium and Iron, each is a coarse grained rock that indicates a deep or shallow source and , as such the relationship of a shallow(bolide crater0 and a deep mantle rock can show us where certain structural activities began.
You can look up "phase diagrams" of continental crust rocks and the highest P/T rocks are the "olivines" and "serpentines" (very little quartz, very much Fe?Mg silicates) then lower are the eclogites(which are mainly pyrope garnets mixtures) all are supermetamorphosed rocks that had been remelted earlier crust that was plunged deeply into the mantle and then rose to the surface at continental margins and they form deep ocean ridges which then result in the drifting continental basins.

The PErmian basalts were of a totally different series of activities that actually were at the peak of PAngeas formation, not its splitting up. The initial basalts were in the upper Siberian shield and gradually spread to the Caledonian/Newark area(which gave rise to a continental"soft spot' where Pangea could easily split of later. The polar opposite of that point in earths history would have been the present Indian Ocean somewhere . (Theyre still out there looking with everything available)

It's apparent that most people thing of the Day as being 24 hours, even tho the Bible say different:

Gen 5:2- Male and female created he them; and blessed them, and called their name Adam, in the >>> DAY <<< when they were created.