gungasnake wrote:Setanta wrote:The Mongols never pushed farther west than the plains of Hungary and Poland. Leignitz was the greatest battle on European soil involving the Mongols and their proxies....
Leignitz was a diversion meant to keep Poles and Teutonic Knights away from the plain of Mohi where the most major battle between Mongols and Europeans was faught a day or two later.
History books arent that expensive; try buying one.
I've read more history than you've ever seen on the bookshelves, apparently. Like most people with a puerile view of history, you think that only military history has any significance, and you measure the importance of historical events by the body count.
Your statement does not alter my criticism of your thesis. You purport that Europeans learned fear of total war from the Mongols, and therefore sought ever after to avoid it. You give the lie to that yourself by your vague reference to the Thirty Years War, something else about which you apparently know little. You were either ignorant of, or sufficiently clueless about the historical significance of, the harrying of the Rhineland in the wars of Louis XIV, and the harrying of Bavaria in the War of the Spanish Succession, and the devastation of East Prussia in the Seven Years War not to know that such examples of "total war" proliferated
after the Thirty Years War.
That Liegnitz was not the main event does not alter the
fact that the Mongols and their proxies never pushed farther west than Poland, Hungary and the Sinai. The Mongols could dispose of about 150,000 fighters, most of whom were not Mongols. The bulk of their available forces who were not Mongols were Tatars and Turkic-speaking tribesmen from Central Asia, and most of them were under the titular authority of Batu Kahn. The Mongol "empire" was never a unitary structure as were the Chinese and Roman empires. The death of Ogedei lead Subutai and Hulegu to head east for the disputation of the succession. Of the 150,000 available troops, about 20,000 had gone into Poland, and the survivors (very likely, not more than 10,000 or 12,000--Liegnitz as a phyrric victory) went back east with Subutai (who i believe was not actually present at Liegnitz). Along with them went some of the roughly 80,000 under the control of Batu Kahn. The Mamluks stopped the Mongols and their proxies in the Sinai, and those troops went back east with Hulegu. Batu Kahn also returned to his "Great Khanate," as the internal administrative units of the Mongol "empire" are known. Batu Kahn intended to renew the invasion of Europe and attack Vienna, but his death in 1255 ended that project, and the Tatars eventually invaded the subcontinent. Europe was never again threatened. Therefore, your contention that Europeans learned of and learned to abhor "total war" from the Mongols is an unfounded statement.
Spendi's irrelevant reference to "posh history" applies much more to your silly statement which suggested that Europe form 1813 to 1913 was a place of ignorant complacency and brass bands than it does to my having simply pointed out that Europe was not free from major war in that period. On the topic of evolution, that century in Europe's history is of far greater importance than your silly statement implies, in that it is the period in which socialism, communism and the collapse of monarchical absolutism evolved. The movement for self-determination in Europe, inspired by the American revolution and the French revolution grew apace in that hundred years, and lead to civil war in Spain over the issue of reform and liberalism, insurrection and war in Italy over self-determination, socialist uprisings in France and Germany over the issue of self-determination, and revolution and insurrection in the Balkans over the issue of self-determination. I don't expect, though, that you will understand that, because your focus on history seems to be who inflicted the greatest slaughter in any given war. The Wars of the Roses in England never involved more than a few thousand men on a side, and many "battles" measured the opponents in hundreds rather than thousands. Nevertheless, it marked the beginning of the end of royal authority in England--more than half of the families of the peerage were extinguished in the direct male line, and when Henry Tudor had defeated Richard III, he cemented his authority by appeal to Parliament. The rise of Parliament as the principal authority in England can be dated to the end of the Wars of the Roses. By your measure of carnage, it was unimportant. By any reasonable historical measure, it was a major war.