@somebody22222,
I'm pretty sure that colons have to be preceded by sentences. "One of the most pressing questions that accompanies every extreme weather event nowadays" is not a sentence. You might as well replace the colon with "is" to make it a sentence. But if you don't want to do that, you could change the clause in front of the colon to something like, "(This is) one of the most pressing questions that accompanies every extreme weather nowadays," and leave the rest the same.