@dnoonkeste,
Yes you can. GFCI receptacles sense a current difference between the neutral and hot lines. If there is a difference, current is going somewhere it shouldn't and the GFCI will trip.
A GCFI receptacle should come with a warning sticker to apply to receptacles installed without a ground wire.
If your receptacle happens to be installed in a grounded outlet box, then you can get a ground from the box.