@clairelindamoore,
NB. The teacher appears to be equating the phrase 'does damage to' to the
transitive verb form 'damages'. To some extent, that supposed equivalence highlights the divergence of the meaning of the term 'grammar' in which
traditional grammar concerns itself with
surface productions (e.g. writing), and other grammars (e.g
transformational grammar) look at
deep structures (thinking and meaning).
If the teacher does not understand this technical point (that
on the surface 'to do' is itself used here as a transitive verb with respect to the direct object 'damage') , suggest the comparison
'The nurse gives comfort to the patient'.
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