Comparing survey data

I've got two sets of survey data - the same survey done in different years (2012 and 2014). The sample size for the 2012 survey = 288 and for 2014 = 178. Although there might be some people that completed the survey both times, we assume that many of them are different. I would like to know about the statistical rules to compare the data for these two surveys (mostly categorical data) as well as the statistical tests that I can use to do so? I would specifically like to establish whether there are statistically significant differences between how the two groups responded to certain variables. Thank you.