@FBM,
FBM wrote: 1 light-year = 9.4605284 × 1015 meters
I was not asking that. I asked you about the light from an object at a distance of 1 light year for example that has been emitted 1 year ago from some position of an object in the sky and that has arrived to us in one year - what distance are you actually measuring as you don't even know whether the object hasn't disappeared in-between ... by being engulfed into some black hole, for example. How can you measure a distance between our position and some place that has been there one year ago and you have no idea whether it is existing at present or not? What exactly are you measuring?
What about the scale of the Universe - you are measuring a distance between an object that has existed 14.7 billion years ago and our location at present, at which the Solar System hasn't even existed some 5 billion years ago? What exactly are you measuring?
FBM wrote:Again, the universe isn't expanding "into" anything.
This is even worse than the 11D Hyperspace - you claim that the Universe is expanding into Nothing and has 'created' 3D space out of Nothing? Where is the proof of that?
FBM wrote: into which space-time expands.
Why don't you restrain talking about space only. What do you know about time - that with objects nearby some huge mass time runs faster, or what? Do you have any evidence and can you prove that? Can you prove that two identical Cesium clocks, one of them running inside the Great Pyramid, and one of them running on a buoy in the middle of the Pacific will count different elementary periods for one and the same period?
FBM wrote: Until you correct that misunderstanding, you will continue to make egregious errors.
As far as I can see you are pretty rigorous with me and too casual with your own misunderstanding of the world. Have you seen the definition of Cosmology: the study of the
origin,
evolution and
fate of the Universe. Why do you think that it is too much different from the Theology: the systematic and rational study of concepts of God and of the nature of religious truths.
Cosmology assumes by default, axiomatically that the Universe has been created (and has not always existed, for example); that the Universe has been stupid and retard in the beginning - 14.7 billion years ago or so, and that it somehow by means of evolution and natural selection has acquired various life forms and various types of intelligence (what about the case of the Universe having been always intelligent); that without the 'theory' of the Big Bang the Universe is going to Hell.
If you are so curious to know, the Universe is going to Hell with or without the 'theory' of the Big Bang ... or at least our world for sure. You don't need any cosmological revelations to see that.
If you haven't noticed there is no room to dispute the dogmas of Cosmology - in terms of which it is outperforming even the Theology.
What evidences or pieces of evidence you are talking about all the time - at least be a little bit honest and start confessing that you neither know what has happened 14.7 Bya, nor ever be able to get knowing. What Creation, what Evolution, and what Relativity?