Is the expanding universe being pushed or pulled

The other day I could not stop thinking about nothing so I thought, write it down and get it out of your head, so these are my thoughts on nothing, are they wrong, right, or just stupid?

The more I think about it, one of the most important areas of investigation for scientists should be “nothing” yet it would appear that very little thought or scientific investigation is being focused on “nothing”.
By that I don’t mean they should sit about and drink tea doing pointless crossword puzzles. I mean they should be investigating something that is the very foundation of existence itself. “NOTHING”
The Taoist philosopher Lao Tse wrote.
Thirty spokes meet in the hub,
but the empty space between them
is the essence of the wheel.
Pots are formed from clay,
but the empty space between it
is the essence of the pot.
Walls with windows and doors form the house,
but the empty space within it
is the essence of the house
While Lao Tse’s observations hold a universal truth, they were not scientifically correct. The space he observes is not “empty” it is in effect a less dense version of the spoke, or clay etc. The apparent empty space is awash with dust, protons, atoms, misc life forms and energy, so its not as “empty” at it seems.
However, flawed as Lao Tse’s observation may be it gives support to the observation that it is not the matter/energy construct of the Universe that makes it the Universe, but the “nothing” between the matter/energy that is the true essence of the Universe.
Grammatically, the word "nothing" is an indefinite pronoun, which means that it refers to something, so even at a “words” level, “nothing” is something.
The philosopher Leucippus (early 5th century BC), basing his conclusions on his observations of everyday motion and change, suggested, quite logically, that there could be no motion without a “nothing” to move in. This in itself makes “nothing” a logical “something” and as such Leucippus was the first to state that "nothing" has some sort of a reality attached to it.
On the subject of philosophers, the old philosophical question of “Why is there something rather than nothing?” misses the point that “nothing” is just another form of something, so there is only something.
There are a few states that we might initially consider “nothing”, for example:-
Non existence, this can be confused with “nothing” so best to get this out of the way first. Non existence is not “nothing” in any shape or form, it’s certainly not a “state” it’s simply not existing. This is a truly infinite concept, as there are an infinite number of things that don’t exist. In fact non existence itself does not exist, as it’s simply a human concept, while “nothing” actually does exist as a “state” regardless of the impossibility of human observation. To see it means it contains something in order to make it observational, which instantly destroys its “nothing” status.
An empty space, inside a glass jar with nothing in it, for example, would seem to represent nothing, but as its really full of energy, particles, protons, various molecules, atoms, and minute bits of matter to small for the eye to see it actually contains quite a lot, and can’t be considered as being anywhere close to “nothing”
A Vacuum, this form of nothing is simply a space that has been evacuated of all air and other atom based matter, but just to view it must still contain protons which are passing through it, plus other radiating particles, radio waves, gravity, etc. So again this is not exactly “nothing” as it is a space filled with something, certainly lots of movement of energetic particles.
A Quantum Vacuum, is a sort of vacuum state that contains no physical particles at all, but does contain a seething mass of energy, going in and out of existence continuously and very rapidly, so fast that it does not violate the law of conservation of mass/energy that says you don’t get something from nothing. This is thought to be created by particles and antiparticle popping in and out of existence, cancelling each other out creating energy. Again it’s not truly nothing as it contains considerable amounts of energy.
“Nothing”, so take away the air, the particles, and the energy, and you then truly have “nothing” and this is the true foundation for all existence, it certainly is not non existence, as something actually exists in a form ready to receive energy, particles and the like. So true “nothing” is actually “something”, a sort of potential container for all the various “something’s” connected with existence.
I must admit at this stage to the possibility that “nothing” as described above does not in fact exist, and that the state of “nothing” without the energy does not exist. If that is the case then it would be the Vacuum energy that is actually “nothing”, and in that context could not be separated from “nothing” being the same thing.
In many ways it is irrelevant as to whether or not Vacuum energy and “nothing” are one or two separate things, but it would be nice to know which is the true state of affairs.
Based on the law of conservation of energy. Which states that, “energy can neither be created (produced) nor destroyed by itself, it can only be transformed”. My money is on two separate states, even if only based on the logic that energy can be transformed and as such taken from and added to anything, so logically it can also be transformed and taken from a quantum vacuum leaving only the state of “nothing” ready to absorb more energy.
The consideration of “nothing” may cast some light on the current confusion over the accelerating nature of the expansion of the Universe, with various theories being put forward to explain what is driving this accelerating expansion, something which does fit in with the standard understanding of the “big bang” that allegedly created the Universe. The current prevailing theory being “black energy” is driving the expansion of the Universe, this “black energy” seems to be a companion to “black matter” something which seems to make up 90% of the Universe.
Problem is no one has a clue as to what “black matter” or “black energy” actually is, but the argument goes, “whatever it is it must be there as something is messing up our (scientists) calculations which are based on various unshakable laws of physics”
It’s a bit like Sir Isaac Newton saying that the apple fell from the tree because an invisible undetectable being pulled it from the tree and placed it on the ground. Clearly that theory would fit the facts, should we believe in the possibility of invisible, undetectable beings that move stuff about. But this is the 21st century, and we don’t believe in things like that now, we have moved into a more scientific era, now we believe in the possibility of invisible, undetectable stuff that moves stuff about. Right.
Two possible flaws in the theory that “black energy” is driving the expanding Universe is that it would not necessarily drive an accelerating expanding universe, it would be more likely to drive a de-accelerating Universe as the energy dissipates as the Universe gets bigger. In addition if this “black energy” is relatively evenly spread throughout the Universe then it could be expected that all parts of the Universe would expand at the same rate from the centre to the furthest reaches of the distant visible galaxies.
However, neither of these two states exists, as recent observations confirm. Using Hubble’s Constant (the standard way of measuring the cosmic expansion) the further out we look the faster the galaxies are racing away from the centre. The analysis of the light from distant stars would indicate that the rate of expansion increases by about 1km/h for every 13 light years from the centre, while at the most extreme distant visible galaxies many billions of light years away they seem to be travelling at sizable fractions of the speed of light. And that’s the distant visible galaxies, beyond that again are more invisible galaxies, invisible due to their extreme distance, a distance that would imply even faster expansion speeds. Given that the distant visible galaxies are travelling at sizable fractions of the speed of light with the expansion speed decreasing towards the centre of the Universe, then its logical to assume that any galaxies beyond the distant visible galaxies would be expanding even faster than them perhaps to the “assumed” limit of just below the speed of light, or perhaps, if I am correct in my theories, faster than the speed of light. Unfortunately, given that our observations of such matters are currently limited by the speed of light, then there is no possibility of observing galaxies travelling at or exceeding the speed of light.
So what is a better explanation? Clearly there are only likely to be two reasons for the expansion of anything, it’s either being pushed or pulled. Current theory on the expanding Universe suggests that it’s being pushed by black energy that exists throughout the entire Universe, that’s an invisible undetectable mysterious force with no actual proof of its existence, only the observation of the possible effects of this mysterious force. It’s a bit like God, no proof of his existence, but observations of the effect of a possible God all around us, life, the Universe, everything, it requires “faith” in both cases.
But what if the Universe is being pulled outwards at an ever expanding rate, this would explain the accelerating nature of the expansion of the Universe as well as the actual expansion itself. A bit like a balloon skin, as a balloon expands the outer skin expands faster than any other part of its interior, with the speed receding towards the centre of the balloon, exactly as the Universe appears to be expanding.
A possible explanation is that our Universe exists like a bubble floating in an infinite amount of “nothing”, and the nature of nothing seems to be that should any “something” be anywhere near, it will be drawn into it. As this “bubble” Universe would be surrounded by “nothing” then the boundaries of the Universe would be sucked into this infinite nothing at the speed of light, or faster, and just as the skin of a balloon will expand outwards faster than the centre when being inflated, the speed of inflation will slow down the closer to the centre of the Universe you observe, in fact the exact centre of the Universe (which, again is only a concept, as there is no actual centre, but that’s another story) will either not be expanding at all, or, if it is, at the very least infinitely slowly.
So what happens next? Logically it would seem that the boundaries of the Universe would continue to expand at the speed of light dragging the rest behind it, thinning out the Universe as it goes until the Universe, as we know it, would simply consist of individual atoms, protons and bursts of energy drifting further and further apart in an ever thinning quantum vacuum.
Perhaps, after an almost infinite period of time, this dilution of the Universe will become so great that in fact all that in practice is left is an infinite “nothing” primed and ready to trigger whatever natural law it is that abhors such an infinite “nothing” and produce another “big bang”. So the saying, based on years of observation of the natural state of things, "nature abhors a vacuum" may be even truer than we think.
One possible mechanism that could bring about this recurring “big bang” could be curvature, not space/time curvature, which was once a popular theory to explain the infinite size of the universe, but fell out of favour. But curvature of “something” moving through a medium. Assume that anything moving through space in an expanding Universe as described above had a slight natural curve to its line of travel, so small that current science has yet to detect it. The reason? I don’t know, but call it a yet undiscovered natural law.
That being the case, then eventually that “something” be it matter or energy would arrive back where it started, in the case of the Universe the location of the “big bang”
All that matter and energy arriving at one small point at the speed of light, or greater would create something that physics could not yet describe, but for the sake of argument call it a super stupendous black hole, pulling everything into it, including the very energy underlying the quantum vacuum, leaving only a super black hole in the middle of pure “nothing”
A black hole that by its very mass is constricted into a nearly infinitely small size, that at some stage unable get any smaller explodes into the “nothing” surrounding it, an expansion faster than the speed of light on the “nothing/something border, slowing to the speed of light and slower within the newly created Universe.
This “big bang” creating in turn another expanding Universe, a “big bang” that, should this theory be correct is, and was, only one of an infinite number of “big bangs”
The ability to create and influence the “big bang” could explain another possible feature of “nothing”, this could be the ability of “something” to move in it faster than the speed of light.
Light is considered as a constant only because it always moves at approx 186 thousand miles per second in a vacuum, the quantum vacuum of space.
However in air it’s a bit slower say 180 thousand miles a second, in water its approx 140 thousand miles a second, while in glass its 124 thousand miles a second.
So what I hear you say, well, the facts would suggest that as the speed of light varies depending on the medium it’s travelling in a downwards direction, why should the 186 thousand miles a second be the fastest it can travel in an upward direction.
Logic dictates that the denser the material the slower light travels, but the medium that is considered the medium that light can move the fastest in also contains something that light must negotiate in its journey, the energy underlying that quantum vacuum. This energy must affect light in some way, and that effect is to slow it down.
So if 186 thousand miles a second is the speed light is slowed down to by the energy in the quantum vacuum, then it has a potential to go faster.
So what happens if the energy in the quantum vacuum is not there and there is just pure “nothing”, logically light will travel faster.
Now, bearing that in mind, consider one of the puzzles of the big bang, how the Universe got so big in such a short space of time. Called “Inflation”, and for all the calculations to work it has to assume that in the first split seconds of the creation of the Universe it needed to expand faster than the speed of light.
But how could that be? Nothing moves faster than the speed of light, but that’s in a quantum vacuum. What if at the initial stages of the expansion of the Universe it was expanding into pure “nothing”, and it would be logical to assume that before the creation of energy or matter there was just “nothing” so the speed of light would be a lot faster.
Then as the Universe expanded thus creating “something” in “nothing” that very something put the quantum drag on light and slowed it back down to 186 thousand miles a second. Thus in the first few split seconds of the Universe it expanded faster than the speed of light, before settling down to the more mundane speed of 186 thousand miles a second within it, with the boundaries, where it continues to expand into “nothing”, still moving faster than the speed of light.
I would suggest that this is a more logical theory for the unexplained accelerating expansion of the Universe than the many so far postulated.