@roger,
Its all a matter of evaluating the target. The face is a good target or the upper torso nless hes all covered up. The needles are like thise in a blood sugar test kit. (very short) They only need to prick the skin and deliver and instantaneous subcutaneous shot of high voltage low amps that send the nervouse system into ncontrollable spasms. and the hands open and the legs buckle and you go down. These things have been tested on Linebacker sized guys and they all dropped in a second or slightly more. You do need some training in charging and handling cause you can, if not carefurl, impale yourself and you go doen like a sack of rocks.
Guns will do the same , I knew a guy (A guy who carried his field gun in an open holster on his side. It was a .38 and he drew the thing and fired it into the side of hissown leg. (He was gonna shoot a porcupine that looked like it had snacked on his SUVs coolant line.
A dipshit. I carry an automatic into the field and have to go through the saftey, and slide cock to get it operable. Although I like the cylinder weapon becasuse it wont snag. IT CAN fire when you dont want if you have too heavy a trigger finger.
Still, tasers are the way to control an actor and not kill him. (I think that the thought of killing someone momentarily acts upon ones m,id and some restraint results. That leaves the assailant open to kill you. A taser, being (mostly) non lethal (There have been a few deaths due to induced V fibrillations), will be fired by most anyone without thinking twice. The need for a set of cuffs is optional but quite effective when the guy comes to with his arm hooked up to his ankle. Try to get away like that>