@boomerang,
I think that with the exception of The War on Drugs and the possible exception of Juveniles Tried as Adults, these measures have been taken because of institutional failures that were not properly addressed. The correct choice was never these measures or none.
The war on drugs?
A terrible idea that has not succeeded in its goal of eliminating drug use. It has wasted billions of our tax dollars while making billionaires out of criminals who have become so powerful that they can challenge and destabilize governments. It has assured a horrifying level of violence will ever be associated with drug use and thereby increases rather than decreases the harmful impact of that which it seeks to destroy.
Mandatory minimum sentences?
Mixed reaction
This probably causes as many problems as it solves, but it would not exist if the public did not perceive that judges were giving ridiculously light sentences to criminals. Although the Anti-Drug War Lords utilize this as a deliberate weapon in their arsenal, they would not be able to if the public wasn't concerned about the integrity of sentencing.
Three strikes and you're out laws?
Agree with them for violent criminals.
These exist because rehabilitation is at best an unrealistic goal for prisons, and the public is, rightly, infuriated about recidivist criminals - particularly violent ones.
Juveniles tried as adults?
Support in rare cases
Sometimes the crimes children commit are as heinous as any that can be committed by adults, and there is no reason to believe that the child can be rehabilitated or that they will not commit similar crimes upon their release. If a rapist/murderer who is 17 years, 10 months old "skate" because he is treated as a juvenile, justice has not been served and the public not properly protected.
Zero tolerance policies in schools?
As applied today this is ridiculous, and is nothing more than a means by which teachers and school administrators can avoid using judgment and thereby avoiding the possibility of ever having their judgment questioned.
It's easier to operate in a black and white world and that's what Zero Tolerance provides.
Hiding from personal judgment is a problem in many of our institutions (including business) and not just schools. People want to be recognized as and paid for being professionals but then want to run from the very quality that makes them professionals - judgment. It's not always because they are afraid to make a judgment either. More often it is that they appreciate that judgments very rarely involve binary choices and therefore will always be subject to so-called second guessing. You can't know when you make your judgment that it will be subsequently approved, and no institution can pre-approve all judgments. However zero-tolerance policies arose when it became clear that institutions were less and less willing to ever trust the judgments of professionals.
High stakes, standardized testing in schools?
Mixed reaction.
Life is filled with high stake choices and challenges and we do not help our children if we systematically insulate them from the unpleasant realities of adult life.
Having so much ride on the results of a single test though seems to me to be draconian.
Here again, the failure of teachers and administrators to create a disciplined environment of learning where progress and success can be clearly measured, and is demanded, has led to this cop out.