@Poseidon,
While androgens and estrognes (steriods) are found in both sex profiles, on average that male will naturally have a higher concentration of androgens than the female, and the female more estrogen. What is kind of interesting, is that the major estrogen,
estradiol, is synthesized from testosterone by interaction with the aromatase enzyme.
Jumping across a lot of detail (since as pointed out above, it is kind of messy) these steroids act on a number of organs, tissue sheets, and so on, and of course that means brain build, as well. Sexual dimorphic differences in the normal XX and XY brain builds are rather well documented and accepted as certain--
but there is that mix, and overlap, and those out of the mean patterns, of course.
In the case of
Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (AIS; an X linked disorder), we have males with a 46,XY karyotype and who produce testosterone in normal or eleveated quantities, but have feminine external genitalia due to the inability of the androgen receptor to properly bind it normal ligands, testosterone and dihydrotestosterone. Of course, as nature is quite a stream of continuum, we can find various point mutations, and thus varying degrees of AIS.
Patients with AIS are reared as girls (sex of rearing) and usually do not come to any medical attention until menstration cycles are noticed to not be occurring. It is a genetic matter, and that also says a lot, in a lot of ways--
for those who will stop and think very deeply on it. In a mega-case report review, it has been clearly demonstrated (as highlighted in early castration and estrogen administration cases) that the AIS (even the Complete AIS [CAIS]) will develop rather normal XY sexual orientation, libido tendencies, and penovaginal contact fantasies.
This is where my point (post #5, p 1), viz.:
yet would question if we could not reposition our usual understanding of 'equality' to a point where--in the purer flow of nature--pair bonding is also about equality... comes into play. Before, actually, we are to really talk about gender, sexual orientation, and raising children, we would give nature--and by extension society at large--a better go of it by understanding what it is to be animal, and then, what it is to be H. sapien animal (like it or not, it is a continuum, you see).
Therefore even in pair-bondings consisting of those of same sex orientation (a phenomena observed in at least 1,000 and more species, so very much a part of nature) we must first look at the H. sapien. Following that, and even
that much more so, we must look at pair-bondings consisting of those with non-same sex orientations as human beings first. The synergy in the family unit with this priority order is more wholesome because it works to eliminate one more '
in-group .vs. out-group' distinction which builds walls between social groups.