@The Anointed,
Continued from previous post.
Russian physicist and mathematician Alexander Friedmann, in the early 1920s, became the first person to embrace the idea that the equations of Einstein’s general theory of relativity called for a universe in motion.
The Friedmann universe begins with a Big Bang and continues expanding for untold billions of years—that’s the stage we’re in now. But after a long enough period of time, the mutual gravitational attraction of all the matter slows the expansion to a stop. The universe then starts to fall in on itself, replaying the expansion in reverse. Eventually all the matter collapses back into a singularity, in what physicist John Wheeler likes to call the “Big Crunch.”
And just as we begin our walk to the grave from the day of our birth, from all appearances, the ‘
GREAT UNIVERSAL GATHERING’ has already begun.
Our ancient ancestors expressed the belief that our scientists of today are just beginning to come to terms with, and that is, that following each
“Big Bang” there comes the “
Big Crunch,” when this universe is condensed once again, into the supposedly infinitely dense, infinitely hot, infinitesimally small singularity from which it originated, only to reappear at a later point in time.
According to the ancients, we live in an eternal oscillating universe that expands outward and contracts back to its beginning in space time, a living universal body, which is all that exists, and in which, all that is, exists. A universe that exists in the two states of seemingly visible matter and invisible energy.
“Universe after universe is like an interminable succession of wheels forever coming into view, forever rolling onwards, disappearing and reappearing; forever passing from being to non-being, and again from non-being to being. In short, the constant revolving of the wheel of life in one eternal cycle, according to fixed and immutable laws, is perhaps after all, the sum and substance of the philosophy of Buddhism. And this eternal wheel has so to speak, six spokes representing six forms of existence.” ---- Mon. Williams, Buddhism, pp. 229, 122.
Another universe may have preceded ours study finds. May 14th, 2006. Courtesy Penn State University and World Science staff.
Three physicists say they have done calculations suggesting that before the birth of our universe, which is expanding, there was an earlier universe that was shrinking. To arrive at their pre-existing universe finding, Ashtekar’s group used loop quantum gravity, a theory that seeks to reconcile General relativity with quantum physics.
These two seemingly fundamental theories are otherwise contradictory in some ways. Loop quantum gravity, which was pioneered at Ashtekar’s institute, proposes that spacetime has a discrete “atomic” structure, as opposed to being a continuous sheet, as Einstein, along with most us, assumed. In loop quantum gravity, space is thought of as woven from one-dimensional “threads.” The continuum picture remains mostly valid as an approximation. But near the Big Bang, this fabric is violently torn so that it’s discrete, or quantum, nature becomes important. One outcome of this is that gravity becomes repulsive instead of attractive, Ashetkar argued; the result is the '
BIG BOUNCE'.
Paul Steinhardt of Princeton University, a cosmologist who has explored some related concepts, wrote in an email that the new research “Supports, in a general way, the idea that the Big Bang need not be the beginning of space and time.” The universe “may have undergone one or more bangs in its past history,” he added. Steinhardt and colleagues have also proposed a bounce of sorts, but it’s different. It could turn out that the two scenarios are equivalent at some deep level, but that’s not known, he added. Steinhardt‘s scenario makes use of string theory, another attempt to reconcile General Relativity with quantum physics. Some versions of string theory portray our visible universe as a three -dimensional space embedded in an invisible space having more dimensions.
Our zone, called a braneworld [the word comes from its similarity to a sort of membrane] could periodically bounce into another parallel braneworld.
Such an event might look to us, stuck in a few dimensions as we are, as a Big Bang. “I don’t know if Ashetkar’s case translates into a bounce between braneworlds like we are describing,” Steinhardt wrote. But by his estimate, this cataclysm won’t take place for another roughly 300 billion years—so there is hopefully plenty of time to answer the question.
Just as the
Big Bang theory has been evolving over the years and is continuing to evolve as new data becomes available, these
Big Crunch theories that are just beginning to emerge are still in their infancy.
Because three-dimensional time as we know it, does not exist prior to the Big Bang: from the return of the universe to the supposedly infinitely hot, infinitely dense and infinitesimally small singularity of origin to the next Big Bang when three dimensional space and time would begin again, it would appear that no time had elapsed, thus [As I believe] the erroneous '
Big Bounce theory.'
According to the German theoretical physicist, Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck: One Planck time is the time it would take a photon travelling at the speed of light to cross a distance equal to one Planck length.
The Planck time, is the time it would take a photon travelling at the speed of light to cross a distance equal to the Planck length. This is the '
quantum of time', the smallest measurement of time that has any meaning, and is equal to 10-43 seconds. No smaller division of time has any meaning. Within the framework of the laws of physics as we understand them today, science can say only that the universe came into existence when it already had an age of 10-43 seconds.
A singularity is a region of space-time in which matter is crushed so closely together that the gravitational laws explained by general relativity break down. In a singularity, the volume of space is zero and its density is infinite. Scientists believe such a singularity exists at the core of a black hole, which occurs when a super-massive sun reaches the end of its life and implodes.
General relativity also demands such a singularity must exist at the beginning of an expanding universe, from which singularity our eternal oscillating and ever evolving universe is resurrected to continue on in that everlasting process.
If our generation of the universe originated from a Singularity, then the previous generation of the universe, must have ended as that singularity, and although 10-43 seconds is the smallest measurement of time that has any meaning to our scientific teams, and no smaller division of time has any meaning, this does not mean that
‘TIME, SPACE AND MOMENTUM’, do not continue beyond Planck’s ‘Quantum of time’.
The Planck length, is a ‘
SPACE’ that is crossed by the ‘
MOMENTUM’ of a photon travelling at the speed of light, in a Planck ‘
TIME’. So, beyond Planck’s ‘Quantum of time’, the Big Crunch continues toward the Singularity in which, space, time and momentum ‘
DO NOT EXIST’.
Science cannot determine if a Planck space can continue to be halved or how many times it could be halved, nor can they determine the
TIME taken to cross each division of that Planck ‘
SPACE’.
And all though the speed=’
MOMENTUM,’ may remain the same, relative to each halved ‘
SPACE’ the photon must cross. the momentum/speed would appear to double, as the ‘
TIME’ taken to cross that diminishing space is halved also, until “
BANG”, there is no more
SPACE in which to move, and no more
TIME, only the singularity of the origin of the next
‘BIG BANG” and expanding universe.
Such an event might look to Ashtekar’s group, as a '
BIG BOUNCE'.
The contracting universe hits the Planck ‘Quantum of time’, then after a time that no science can determine, the next generation of the universe emerges as the event we know as ‘
THE BIG BANG’, which spews out of a
WHITE HOLE, in the trillions upon trillions of degrees, or, according to scientific measurements (
180 million trillion, trillion degrees Fahrenheit), the plasma liquid like electromagnetic energy from which the next generation of the universe would be created, which eternal energy, that can never be created, or ever destroyed, having neither beginning or end, came from the Pre-Big Bang scientifically dark unknown.