vikorr wrote:Quote:You are ignoring intolerance and imposition.
Not necessarily. In the 17th century, when religious intolerance was at one of its high points in Europe, both Holland and Prussia showed an extraordinary degree of religious tolerance. Jews were tolerated, although subject to some restrictions. Protestants of all sects were tolerated, and even encouraged to immigrate--that was how "the Great Elector" (Frederick William, the Elector of Brandenburg) filled up Prussia, as a part of his campaign to make a great nation out of the Hohenzollern family lands, and to make a kingdom of Prussia. Both Holland and Prussia took in the French Protestants (England, too) after the revocation of the Edict of Nantes. Neither state was particularly fond of Catholics or Anabaptists (today's Baptists), but they were tolerated. This was at a time when being of a different religious confession in most of Europe was almost guaranteed to breed persecution, and could get you killed. The Lutherans, the German Reformed and the Dutch Reformed churches each one considered that they were right, and the others wrong. But the Dutch Estates and the Elector of Brandenburg (and later, his descendants, the Kings of Prussia) enforced toleration, much to the benefit of both nations.
Religions may be intolerant, but that doesn't mean that governments are necessarily intolerant, even if they consider their system superior. More than that, politics is a pragmatic profession in which the successful politician works through compromise and coalition to achieve his or her ends--and that
requires tolerance, and prohibits imposition. You have listed "political beliefs" as a belief set held in the same way as the canon of an organized religion. Had you made that ideology, i might be inclined to agree--capitalist and communist fanatics can be every bit as dangerous as the religious fanatic. But it is not axiomatic that politics and politicians are intolerant. Most of your list contains points of view for which some, but by no means even a majority of people react with perfervid irrational bigotry ("manners?"--geeze, give me a break).
Quote:Quote:I prefer the American model of representative democracy to the Westminster model which is used in all of the other English-speaking countries.
Each to their own. I'm extremely glad that we don't have an elected king like your President (yes, every American I've ever known has objected to that description, then as they've explained it further, have only further convinced me that it was it is - like when Parliament and the King fought for power, except that in the Presidents case, he remained Commander in Chief of the armed forces).
It's incomprehensible to me that your president can act outside of your laws (CIA black holes, Guantanamo Bay)
Yes, i'm certain that if you are convinced that you are right, and all Americans are wrong, then i'm sure you fit your own description of the bigot with regard to political beliefs. The office of President is not hereditary. The office of President is subject to a term limit. The President can choose who to recommend for the equivalent of ministerial offices, and for the Federal judiciary, but the final choice rests with the Senate. The President has no funds to spend that Congress (specifically, the House of Representatives, from which all money bills must originate) does not appropriate--the most he can do is drag his heels in spending money. The President may be the commander in chief, but he cannot declare war, and no money appropriated for military purposes may be expended for more than two years without being sent back to the Congress. Very little of that, if any at all, resembles the traditional powers of a King. If nothing else, the lack of hereditary succession and the term limit make a joke of the contention that the President resembles a King.
There certainly is a popular delusion among people who don't know the United States Constitution that the power of the Presidency is greater than it actually is. The Republican Congress which took power after 1994 was able to ham-string Clinton's agenda. Since the election of a Democratic Congress, Bush has been increasingly marginalized in the governance of the country. References to what Central Intelligence does, or what happens at Guantanamo Bay is just more evidence of a shallow understanding. If the President did truly wield an imperial power, you'd know damned little or nothing about these things. It doesn't matter what form of government you allude to, the abuses of power are no respecters of forms of government. Blair played just as fast and loose with the truth in the rush to war with Iraq as Bush did.
Quote:Quote:I don't like the fact that there is no independent executive (the PM is also a member of the legislative branch, and controls the Commons from the floor), and there is a tradition of too much power being wielded by ministers, without reference to or oversight by the legislative.
Those are fairly apt descriptions. Not entirely accurate, but close enough.
They are completely accurate, at least with regard to the actual government in Westminster, although the practice may vary somewhat from country to country. The Chancellor of the Exchequer can write financial and taxation policy which would require the vote of Congress in the United States. The Defense Minister can spend funds without answering to the Parliament once the funds have been appropriated--and unless there is a minority government, no minister is answerable for how funds are spent. Judges sit at the pleasure of the Crown--in the United States, the formula is
quamdiu se bene geserit ("so long as he is well conducted"), which means that judges sit for a set term, or for life, unless they are convicted of a criminal offense--and that's what makes an independent judiciary.
The Prime Minister is not elected by the people directly, and is even less directly elected than a President who is chosen by the electors of the Electoral College. He or she is elected only by the voters in his or her riding or district, and by the insiders of the political party of which he or she is chosen to be the leader. There is, therefore, no executive which is independent of the legislative branch, and the chief executive takes a direct hand in the control of the legislative branch.
Quote:Quote:The judiciary is not independently established.
You are incorrect. It is impossible to sack a judicial appointment except for reasons of incompetence. Judicial independence is fiercely protected in the Westminster system.
This is false, at least with regard to England and Canada. Judges can be removed by the Parliament, which is why they are said to serve at the pleasure of the Crown--in the United States, judges in the Federal system can only be removed upon conviction of criminal behavior, which means the Federal judiciary itself polices its members. Judges are nominated by the executive, approved by the legislative and are subject to the discipline of the judicial branch. There is no such clear-cut distinction within the Westminster system. The highest appeals court in England is the House of Lords--once again there is a blurring of the division between branches of government. Canada now has an independent Supreme Court, and many people are damned unhappy about it, too. It is a precedent which is not dear to the heart of Westminster systems.
****************************************
I suggest to you that your fondness for the Westminster system, and your silly claim that the President is an elected King, are evidence that you are yourself guilty of the bigotry of political belief to which you referred earlier.
As i said, i prefer the system in the United States. I could not say if it is superior and don't really care, but it is one with which the American people are generally happy, although like any population, they will carp about petty things they don't like. However, i would never make a charge so extravagant as you have made about "an elected King," both because it displays ignorance, and reeks of the intolerance of which i spoke earlier.