20
   

What produces RUTHLESS DICTATORS?

 
 
cicerone imposter
 
  1  
Reply Thu 6 Aug, 2009 02:26 pm
@parados,
But of course! Wake up, ci!
0 Replies
 
parados
 
  1  
Reply Thu 6 Aug, 2009 02:27 pm
@cicerone imposter,
cicerone imposter wrote:

Robbing banks is not a federal function unless it crosses state lines. LOL


Oh, you were pointing out WHEN it would be a crime under ican's silly argument. Crossing state lines doesn't make it federal unless it was interstate commerce. I guess that would require that robbing banks be a legitimate business to be covered under that clause.

That means states wouldn't have to return criminals wanted in another state.

It kind of puts a whole new spin on the slavery argument and state's rights, doesn't it?
0 Replies
 
ican711nm
 
  1  
Reply Thu 6 Aug, 2009 08:44 pm
@parados,
parados wrote:

(1)- So, that would mean a missile defense system is NOT a legitimate government function.
(2)- An airforce is not a legitimate government function.
(3)- The interstate highway system is not a legitimate government function.
(4)- The Louisiana purchase MUST be returned since that was not a legitimate government function. Alaska must be returned to Russia as well.
(5)- NASA isn't a legitimate government function.
(6)- The FCC isn't a legitimate government function. (That means Rush Limbaugh is illegally broadcasting in violation of the constitution since the government sold the airwaves he is on. They are open to everyone and I should be allowed to jam any station he is on since he has no constitutional right to broadcast on that frequency.)
(7- )Immigration is NOT a legitimate government function. (Only naturalization is.)
There can be no federal criminal law since it isn't listed as a legitimate function in the constitution. (Robbing banks is no longer a federal crime.)

Quote:

Article I.Section 8. The Congress shall have power
To lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts and excises, to pay the debts and provide for the common defense and general welfare of the United States; but all duties, imposts and excises shall be uniform throughout the United States;
To borrow money on the credit of the United States;
(6)- To regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among the several states, and with the Indian tribes;
(7)- To establish a uniform rule of naturalization, and uniform laws on the subject of bankruptcies throughout the United States;
To coin money, regulate the value thereof, and of foreign coin, and fix the standard of weights and measures;
To provide for the punishment of counterfeiting the securities and current coin of the United States;
(3)- To establish post offices and post roads;
(5)- To promote the progress of science and useful arts, by securing for limited times to authors and inventors the exclusive right to their respective writings and discoveries;
To constitute tribunals inferior to the Supreme Court;
To define and punish piracies and felonies committed on the high seas, and offenses against the law of nations;
To declare war, grant letters of marque and reprisal, and make rules concerning captures on land and water;
(1), (2), (5)- To raise and support armies, but no appropriation of money to that use shall be for a longer term than two years;
(1), (2), (5)- To provide and maintain a navy;
(1), (2), (5)- To make rules for the government and regulation of the land and naval forces;
To provide for calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the union, suppress insurrections and repel invasions;
(1), (2), (5)- To provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining, the militia, and for governing such part of them as may be employed in the service of the United States, reserving to the states respectively, the appointment of the officers, and the authority of training the militia according to the discipline prescribed by Congress;
(4)- To exercise exclusive legislation in all cases whatsoever, over such District (not exceeding ten miles square) as may, by cession of particular states, and the acceptance of Congress, become the seat of the government of the United States, and to exercise like authority over all places purchased by the consent of the legislature of the state in which the same shall be, for the erection of forts, magazines, arsenals, dockyards, and other needful buildings;--And
(1), (2), (3), (4), (5), (6), (7)----To make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by this Constitution in the government of the United States, or in any department or officer thereof.

parados
 
  2  
Reply Thu 6 Aug, 2009 09:01 pm
@ican711nm,
ican711nm wrote:


Quote:

Article I.Section 8. The Congress shall have power
To lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts and excises, to pay the debts and provide for the common defense and general welfare of the United States; but all duties, imposts and excises shall be uniform throughout the United States;
To borrow money on the credit of the United States;
(6)- To regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among the several states, and with the Indian tribes; Radio is NOT commerce among the states so it isn't covered by this. I don't have to pay a dime for radio in order to get it so it isn't commerce at all let alone commerce between two states.
(7)- To establish a uniform rule of naturalization, and uniform laws on the subject of bankruptcies throughout the United States; immigration is NOT naturalization and immigration is NOT mentioned at all.
To coin money, regulate the value thereof, and of foreign coin, and fix the standard of weights and measures;
To provide for the punishment of counterfeiting the securities and current coin of the United States;
(3)- To establish post offices and post roads; The interstate system was NOT created as a post road
(5)- To promote the progress of science and useful arts, by securing for limited times to authors and inventors the exclusive right to their respective writings and discoveries; NASA isn't an inventor or author so not covered here
To constitute tribunals inferior to the Supreme Court;
To define and punish piracies and felonies committed on the high seas, and offenses against the law of nations;
To declare war, grant letters of marque and reprisal, and make rules concerning captures on land and water;
(1), (2), (5)- To raise and support armies, but no appropriation of money to that use shall be for a longer term than two years; Missile system isn't an army. The airforce isn't the army. NASA isn't an army.
(1), (2), (5)- To provide and maintain a navy; Missile system isn't a navy, Airforce isn't a navy, NASA isn't a navy.
(1), (2), (5)- To make rules for the government and regulation of the land and naval forces; Missile system isn't a land or naval force, Airforce isn't a land or naval force. NASA isn't a land or naval force.
To provide for calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the union, suppress insurrections and repel invasions;
(1), (2), (5)- To provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining, the militia, and for governing such part of them as may be employed in the service of the United States, reserving to the states respectively, the appointment of the officers, and the authority of training the militia according to the discipline prescribed by Congress; Missile system isn't a militia, Airforce isn't a militia, NASA isn't a militia.
(4)- To exercise exclusive legislation in all cases whatsoever, over such District (not exceeding ten miles square) as may, by cession of particular states, and the acceptance of Congress, become the seat of the government of the United States, and to exercise like authority over all places purchased by the consent of the legislature of the state in which the same shall be, for the erection of forts, magazines, arsenals, dockyards, and other needful buildings;--And The Louisiana Purchase wasn't to erect a fort, magazine, arsenal or dockyard. Alaska wasn't purchased to erect those buildings either. Nor were they purchased from a state as required by the constitution.
(1), (2), (3), (4), (5), (6), (7)----To make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by this Constitution in the government of the United States, or in any department or officer thereof.
Since airforce, interstates, missile defense, purchase of Louisiana, the FCC and immigration are NOT mentioned in the constitution they can NOT be legitimate government functions if you say anything not mentioned is NOT a function.

0 Replies
 
ican711nm
 
  1  
Reply Fri 7 Aug, 2009 01:14 pm
@ican711nm,
ican's supplementary comments are in blue.
parados wrote:

(1)- So, that would mean a missile defense system is NOT a legitimate government function.
FALSE!
(2)- An airforce is not a legitimate government function.
FALSE!
(3)- The interstate highway system is not a legitimate government function.
FALSE!
(4)- The Louisiana purchase MUST be returned since that was not a legitimate government function. Alaska must be returned to Russia as well.
FALSE!
(5)- NASA isn't a legitimate government function.
FALSE!
(6)- The FCC isn't a legitimate government function. (That means Rush Limbaugh is illegally broadcasting in violation of the constitution since the government sold the airwaves he is on. They are open to everyone and I should be allowed to jam any station he is on since he has no constitutional right to broadcast on that frequency.)
FALSE!
(7- )Immigration is NOT a legitimate government function. (Only naturalization is.)
There can be no federal criminal law since it isn't listed as a legitimate function in the constitution. (Robbing banks is no longer a federal crime.)
FALSE!

ican's supplementary comments are in blue.
ican711nm wrote:

Article I.Section 8. The Congress shall have power
To lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts and excises, to pay the debts and provide for the common defense and general welfare of the United States; but all duties, imposts and excises shall be uniform throughout the United States;
To borrow money on the credit of the United States;
(6)- To regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among the several states, and with the Indian tribes;
Radio and TV broadcasting and advertising constitutes commerce among the several states
(7)- To establish a uniform rule of naturalization, and uniform laws on the subject of bankruptcies throughout the United States;
The uniform rule of naturalization was predicated on rules of immigration for the people who might seek naturalization. Also, "Article I. Section 9. The migration or importation of such persons as any of the states now existing shall think proper to admit, shall not be prohibited by the Congress prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and eight ..." That of course implies that immigration can be regulated by Congress after 1808.
To coin money, regulate the value thereof, and of foreign coin, and fix the standard of weights and measures;
To provide for the punishment of counterfeiting the securities and current coin of the United States;
(3)- To establish post offices and post roads;
Interstate highways are in fact roads used to transport posts.
(5)- To promote the progress of science and useful arts, by securing for limited times to authors and inventors the exclusive right to their respective writings and discoveries;
NASA is promoting the progress of science that is secured by exclusive rights to discoveries of technology for space travel and exploration.
To constitute tribunals inferior to the Supreme Court;
To define and punish piracies and felonies committed on the high seas, and offenses against the law of nations;
To declare war, grant letters of marque and reprisal, and make rules concerning captures on land and water;
(1), (2), (5)- To raise and support armies, but no appropriation of money to that use shall be for a longer term than two years;
Armies are supported by missile defenses, aviation defenses, and space satellite monitoring of the earth. Also, the air corp was established as a branch of the army. Subsequently--after WWII--it was reorganized as the Air Force and made an equal branch of the Defense Department along with the Army and Navy.
(1), (2), (5)- To provide and maintain a navy;
The Navy is maintained by missile defense, aviation defenses, and space satellite monitoring of the earth.
(1), (2), (5)- To make rules for the government and regulation of the land and naval forces;
Government makes rules for the regulation of missile defense, aviation defense, army, navy, and space satellite monitoring of the earth.
To provide for calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the union, suppress insurrections and repel invasions;
(1), (2), (5)- To provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining, the militia, and for governing such part of them as may be employed in the service of the United States, reserving to the states respectively, the appointment of the officers, and the authority of training the militia according to the discipline prescribed by Congress;
Making rules for the regulation of missile defense, aviation defense, and space satellite monitoring of the earth is a part of the organizing, arming, and disciplining, the militia.
(4)- To exercise exclusive legislation in all cases whatsoever, over such District (not exceeding ten miles square) as may, by cession of particular states, and the acceptance of Congress, become the seat of the government of the United States, and to exercise like authority over all places purchased by the consent of the legislature of the state in which the same shall be, for the erection of forts, magazines, arsenals, dockyards, and other needful buildings;
The Louisiana purchased and the Alaska purchased are places--territories--purchased by the consent of the Congressional representatives of the then current states.
--And
(1), (2), (3), (4), (5), (6), (7)----To make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by this Constitution in the government of the United States, or in any department or officer thereof.
These actions are necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers.
parados
 
  1  
Reply Fri 7 Aug, 2009 02:10 pm
@ican711nm,
ican711nm wrote:

Article I.Section 8. The Congress shall have power
To lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts and excises, to pay the debts and provide for the common defense and general welfare of the United States; but all duties, imposts and excises shall be uniform throughout the United States;
To borrow money on the credit of the United States;
(6)- To regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among the several states, and with the Indian tribes;
Radio and TV broadcasting and advertising constitutes commerce among the several states
Radio and TV is commerce between states? What about where the radio wave doesn't cross state lines? Many don't but they are still regulated. If the government can regulate air waves that cross state lines when no money changes hands then it can regulate everything that could cross state lines. You have made a strong argument about why those states that have tried to get around federal gun laws by claiming they are exempt from the interstate commerce act if the gun is made and purchased in their state.

This means that the government can provide for no cost to citizens a product. Why then can't government provide health care under the interstate commerce clause?


Quote:

(7)- To establish a uniform rule of naturalization, and uniform laws on the subject of bankruptcies throughout the United States;
The uniform rule of naturalization was predicated on rules of immigration for the people who might seek naturalization. Also, "Article I. Section 9. The migration or importation of such persons as any of the states now existing shall think proper to admit, shall not be prohibited by the Congress prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and eight ..." That of course implies that immigration can be regulated by Congress after 1808.
So, now you are admitting that other sections of the constitution give powers to the Legislature? That is interesting ican when you have argued the opposite repeatedly.
By the way, that section was inserted to allow the importation and exportation of slaves so it is NOT immigration for the purpose of naturalization. Congress IS given the power to control import and export of goods.
Quote:

To coin money, regulate the value thereof, and of foreign coin, and fix the standard of weights and measures;
To provide for the punishment of counterfeiting the securities and current coin of the United States;
(3)- To establish post offices and post roads;
Interstate highways are in fact roads used to transport posts.
They were NOT built for that purpose. "Establish" has meaning ican. Repurposing them doesn't mean they were established for that purpose.
Quote:

(5)- To promote the progress of science and useful arts, by securing for limited times to authors and inventors the exclusive right to their respective writings and discoveries;
NASA is promoting the progress of science that is secured by exclusive rights to discoveries of technology for space travel and exploration.
It allows congress to grant patents and copyrights. If you are reinterpreting it to mean government can pay for science research than it allows government to fund health care that could be considered research.
Quote:
To constitute tribunals inferior to the Supreme Court;
To define and punish piracies and felonies committed on the high seas, and offenses against the law of nations;
To declare war, grant letters of marque and reprisal, and make rules concerning captures on land and water;
(1), (2), (5)- To raise and support armies, but no appropriation of money to that use shall be for a longer term than two years;
Armies are supported by missile defenses, aviation defenses, and space satellite monitoring of the earth. Also, the air corp was established as a branch of the army. Subsequently--after WWII--it was reorganized as the Air Force and made an equal branch of the Defense Department along with the Army and Navy.
That seems a stretch ican. So... if we decided that health care is support of an army then we could pass it under the constitution? "support armies' means to provide FUNDS for those armies. What a tortured reading to think "support armies" means to provide missile defense.
Quote:

(1), (2), (5)- To provide and maintain a navy;
The Navy is maintained by missile defense, aviation defenses, and space satellite monitoring of the earth.
LOL.. Right, because there was no navy before we had those.
Quote:

(1), (2), (5)- To make rules for the government and regulation of the land and naval forces;
Government makes rules for the regulation of missile defense, aviation defense, army, navy, and space satellite monitoring of the earth.
Missiles are NOT forces. Satellites are NOT forces. Airforce is NOT land or naval forces.
Quote:

To provide for calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the union, suppress insurrections and repel invasions;
(1), (2), (5)- To provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining, the militia, and for governing such part of them as may be employed in the service of the United States, reserving to the states respectively, the appointment of the officers, and the authority of training the militia according to the discipline prescribed by Congress;
Making rules for the regulation of missile defense, aviation defense, and space satellite monitoring of the earth is a part of the organizing, arming, and disciplining, the militia.
What part of the militia is in charge of satellites?
Quote:

(4)- To exercise exclusive legislation in all cases whatsoever, over such District (not exceeding ten miles square) as may, by cession of particular states, and the acceptance of Congress, become the seat of the government of the United States, and to exercise like authority over all places purchased by the consent of the legislature of the state in which the same shall be, for the erection of forts, magazines, arsenals, dockyards, and other needful buildings;
The Louisiana purchased and the Alaska purchased are places--territories--purchased by the consent of the Congressional representatives of the then current states.
Again, you miss the meaning. The STATE legislature where the fort will be must agree to the fort. It says nothing about buying land outside of existing states.
Quote:
--And
(1), (2), (3), (4), (5), (6), (7)----To make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by this Constitution in the government of the United States, or in any department or officer thereof.
These actions are necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers.

[/quote]
0 Replies
 
ican711nm
 
  1  
Reply Sat 8 Aug, 2009 10:29 am
@ican711nm,
Congressional and executive obamacrats are attempting, with their Healthcare bill and their Cap and Trade Bill, to usurp powers not granted them by the Constitution of the USA. They do not have the legal power to dictate what health insurance Americans purchase. They do not have the legal power to dictate how much Americans must pay for the energy they use.

Furthermore, the passage of either or both of these bills will cripple America's system of free enterprise. If passed, the Healthcare Bill will decrease the quality and increase the cost of healthcare. If passed, the Cap and Trade Bill will decrease the quality and increase the cost of energy. Either or both will in turn lead to the transformation of America from a Constitutional Republic to a statist dictatorship.
dyslexia
 
  2  
Reply Sat 8 Aug, 2009 10:31 am
@ican711nm,
silly.
georgeob1
 
  1  
Reply Sat 8 Aug, 2009 11:19 am
@dyslexia,
dyslexia wrote:

silly.


Not really. To start with the easy one -- the cap and trade bill will impose what is effectively a severe tax on selected industries and generators of electrical power and use it to subsidize unnamed alternative activities, some in this country and some in other countries. So far the correlation between AGW friendly power generation sources and the beneficiaries of cap and trade isn't particularly high - or even rational. Dams (hydroelectrical power) and nuclear power aren't among them, even though they produce no emissions and are known to be far cheaper than the favored "renewable" sources (while some beneficiaries, like grain derived ethanol, are known to have an net negative AGW effect). The power generating & industrial activities that will pay for the credits are also whimsically (= politically) chosen, with winners and losers determined by the Democrat political barons in the Congress. I don't know of any economist (or scientist) in the world who believes this is sane policy. Many favor such schemes on a theoretical basis, but what is proposed doesn't come close to their supposed ideal.

The constitutional questions are also real enough, though public perceptions on these issues have been dulled by the enormous stretching of the interstate commerce clause accomplished over the past two generations. It is at best ironic that the supposed people's party, dedicated as it claims to be to individual rights and the general welfare, finds it so easy to devise and impose mandatory authoritarian structures on us all in areas of life ranging from health care and the proper distribution of services,; to power generation and consumption; the proper design of automobiles and even sales programs for them .... and many other such intrusions. In several cases, such as the cash for clunkers program, we have already had glimpses of the absurdities their ubermensch organizers of our lives can so readily produce. Oddly they also favor autocratic titles for the unvetted administrators they appoint to govern these new government activities. How many "czars" has our new President appointed?

There is also a readily detectable authoritarian spirit active amoung the key spokesmen for the Democrats, both in the Congress and among their favored claques and "pundits". Threats, oft repeated, that with further opposition by Republicans they will simply impose their will on everyone else, and the frequently ecpressed certainty that all who vocally oppose them must certainly be the unwitting tools of an evil conspiracy of course financed by equally evil corporations - and ceretainly not authentic expressions of individual citizens.

In short, I don't think Ichan's post was silly at all (though I do think okies arguments are mostly nuts.).
cicerone imposter
 
  1  
Reply Sat 8 Aug, 2009 11:38 am
@georgeob1,
I agree! Too many Americans fear nuclear power when most developed countries use them, and they are safer today than in the past. The NIMBY people fear nuclear power, but they drive daily to their jobs where the exposure to danger is 100 times greater.

The environmentalists have done great damage to our country even though most of our productivity is environmentally friendly today compared to several decades ago.

Our air is much cleaner today thanks to the environmentally friendly legislation at both the federal and state levels.

Cap and Trade is worse than Kyoto for many reasons that self-regulates without hurting our trading partners. What is happening is that the world economy demands more efficient use of oil, and that is the motivation to decrease carbon into our atmosphere. We don't need our government to tell industry to minimize carbon gasses into our environment if they wish to survive in the world marketplace.

The fear-mongering of carbon gasses warming of our atmosphere has not been proven, because we do not have enough history to prove its effects. After all, we've already had two ice ages on this planet which tells me it's more like to freeze than heat up.
0 Replies
 
dyslexia
 
  1  
Reply Sat 8 Aug, 2009 11:41 am
@georgeob1,
re ICAN, his presentation over-rules his facts.
0 Replies
 
parados
 
  1  
Reply Sat 8 Aug, 2009 11:49 am
@ican711nm,
ican wrote:
They do not have the legal power to dictate how much Americans must pay for the energy they use.

FALSE
Quote:
(6)- To regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among the several states, and with the Indian tribes;

Since energy crosses state lines the federal government DOES have to power to regulate it. Your own argument points that out ican.
0 Replies
 
ican711nm
 
  1  
Reply Sat 8 Aug, 2009 12:58 pm
@ican711nm,
Quote:
Article I.Section 8.
...
To regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among the several states, and with the Indian tribes;
...

The power to regulate commerce is not the same as the power to dictate what commerce there shall be. The Constitution does not in any of its Articles and Amendments grant power to the Congressional or Executive or Judicial branches of our federal government the power to require any lawful citizen to participate in a particular commerce whether he wants to or not.

The Constitution in its Articles and Amendments grants certain powers to the federal government. It also states specific powers the federal government does not have. And, the 10th Amendment makes it quite clear that unless a power is granted to the federal government by the Constitution and its amendments, the federal government cannot legally exercise that power.
parados
 
  2  
Reply Sat 8 Aug, 2009 01:02 pm
@ican711nm,
Quote:

The power to regulate commerce is not the same as the power to dictate what commerce there shall be. The Constitution does not in any of its Articles and Amendments grant power to the Congressional or Executive or Judicial branches of our federal government the power to require any lawful citizen to participate in a particular commerce whether he wants to or not.

So you are arguing that the Federal government is going to FORCE you buy electricity? That's a good one ican. I got a good laugh at it. I don't have to buy electricity. I am free to go without it or obtain it from installing my own power sources.
georgeob1
 
  1  
Reply Sat 8 Aug, 2009 06:02 pm
@parados,
parados wrote:

Quote:

The power to regulate commerce is not the same as the power to dictate what commerce there shall be. The Constitution does not in any of its Articles and Amendments grant power to the Congressional or Executive or Judicial branches of our federal government the power to require any lawful citizen to participate in a particular commerce whether he wants to or not.

So you are arguing that the Federal government is going to FORCE you buy electricity? That's a good one ican. I got a good laugh at it. I don't have to buy electricity. I am free to go without it or obtain it from installing my own power sources.


This is rather transparent sophistry. We are certainly able to buy or not buy electrical power as you assert. One might just as well note that we are equally able to use or not to use health care services.

The fact is that the government is requiring power producers to generate a stipulated fraction of their power from politically favored (= wind & solar) sources, even though with existing (heavy) subsidies they cost about twice as much as existing alternative sources (some like nuclear and hydro that generate no emissions): to compound the insult government also requires the producer to charge his customers only the AVERAGE price of the power produced -- all to hide the real cost of the politically favored sources from the consumers.

Between the deficits that will result from adding to the health care entitlements that are already the fastest growing elements in our budget, and the crippling economic effects of the administrations proposed energy policy, this administration is likely to suppress economic growth for decades.

It should surprise no one that there is a rapidly growing groundswell of public outrage over these issues. The drinkers of the kool-aid can of course comfort themselves with the illusion that it is all an evil conspiracy funded by corporations.
spendius
 
  1  
Reply Sat 8 Aug, 2009 06:05 pm
@georgeob1,
You have to be a hermit to not buy electricity. It's a component of most other products and services.
georgeob1
 
  1  
Reply Sat 8 Aug, 2009 06:08 pm
@spendius,
spendius wrote:

You have to be a hermit to not buy electricity. It's a component of most other products and services.


Read again, and this time try to understand.
parados
 
  2  
Reply Sat 8 Aug, 2009 08:31 pm
@georgeob1,
If you were following this conversation george you would have seen that ican argued that the commerce clause gives the Federal government the power to regulate radio and TV but doesn't give the Federal government the power to regulate electrical power.

But if you want to insert your non sequitor, go ahead.
parados
 
  1  
Reply Sat 8 Aug, 2009 08:32 pm
@georgeob1,
Perhaps you should take your own advice george.
0 Replies
 
georgeob1
 
  1  
Reply Sat 8 Aug, 2009 09:04 pm
@parados,
parados wrote:

If you were following this conversation george you would have seen that ican argued that the commerce clause gives the Federal government the power to regulate radio and TV but doesn't give the Federal government the power to regulate electrical power.

But if you want to insert your non sequitor, go ahead.


But I wasn't following Ican's argument. As my post made clear, I referred only to your rather transparent sophistry.
 

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