1
   

The eugenics problem

 
 
theantibuddha
 
  1  
Reply Thu 10 Mar, 2005 09:56 pm
rufio wrote:
But if a couple with a genetic disorder who knew that their child would likely have the same thing were to try to have one knowingly, wouldn't it be the same thing?


There's a slight difference between breeding and risking the possibility of hereditry and deliberately using advance scientific procedures to cause a problem that otherwise wouldn't exist.

Quote:
I believe it's a reaction to the same culturally-ingrained fear - 'we should interfere with the parents' wishes for the child's sake.'


A certain legal procedure was set when incestual child molestation was banned. However you're right we should remove that, parental whimsy is far more important than a child's human rights.

Quote:
Now here you're assuming that a) we don't all have "disabilities" that make it harder for us to get along in society,


Yes, we're all cripples. Here's a liscence to go deliberately maim your children. Have fun, go wild.

Quote:
Technically, being a woman is a social disability in much the same way as being deaf is.


Whereabouts in India do you live?

Quote:
Women have a slight disadvantage


Damn that crippling second X chromosone. Once we've dealt with duplicated 21st chromosones and cured downsydrome, Female Genetic Syndrome, has got to be the next to go.

Quote:
A natural consequence of living in the world is that everything you do eventually effects someone else. It doesn't mean that everything that results in something less than optimal for someone else should be considered a crime.


Your honour, although it's technically true that the muscular force of my arm drove the blade to penetrate his skin causing his eventual death when one considers the matter philosophically the state of the world resulting in the particular combination of events was caused by the interaction of all the people of earth's actions thus making me no more guilty than anyone else.

Quote:
trust me, {Your parents} do own you


No one owns me, I dare anyone to try.

Quote:
We're arguing for the rights of people who don't exist yet.


So releasing a tailored virus which would be harmless until a carrier reproduces and then kills there child in its third year of life is a morally clean act, it's not murder to kill hypothetical people. Interesting. We live and learn.

Quote:
It's a matter of the rights of people living now versus the rights of hypothetical people.


Why worry about putting the correct components in this computer I'm building, it hasn't been switched on yet? Surely my current laziness is far more important than this hypothetical computer.

Quote:
My point was that no one version of any one gene is better than any other, outside of context. c.f. the whole malaria/sickle-cell deal.


Gosh, one rare genetic disorder has a very mildly beneficial component within a highly specialised context to the recessive aspect of itself. Well that changes everything... Of course one could easily use the malarial immunity of the recessive form and remove the risk of the actual disorder through eugenics.

Quote:
'Good' genetics today may be 'bad' genetics tomorrow.


Yes. And artificial alteration can switch those genes thousands of times faster than natural selection can.

Quote:
If we can't identify the 'bad' genes, why attempt to remove them?


Here's a tip. The one that causes Cystic Fibrosis, that's a bad one. Oh but I forgot there are all the upsides of CF, like the... ummm... wonderful appreciation of life one gets from spending most of their adult life in hospital and not living past 30.

Quote:
I don't think there's ever a point at which I'll trust our understanding of anything enough to let the government take control of our lives out of our hands based on it.


The government is using their knowledge of economics to control the value of the currency with the reserve bank. Quick, stop the villains.

Quote:
Just because some of our laws are retarded doesn't mean they all have to be.


....

You've lost track of the point of this section of the debate.

Quote:
The people who might be born with such diseases aren't even around yet.


Why vaccinate? You're not sick yet.

Quote:
I personally like living better than not living. I figured that was just a human universal.


You're alive. Celebrate it. Now can we move on? You've got a kid on the way here. Shall we remove the CF gene from him or not? Oh yes, he also has Female Genetic Syndrome, want us to fix that broken Y chromosone?

Quote:
It's not like we get stamped with some sort of expiration date when we're born. There were probably moments in anyone's life during which they could have died had they not make certain choices previously.


Yeah, and people can commit suicide so it's a waste of time vaccinating people against viruses.

Quote:
The existance of such moments has to do with genetics. As long as you make the right choices, a lot of those moments won't have an effect because of the choices you actually made. I'm saying here that with a lot of genetic 'problems', you can avoid the results entirely by choices made in your lifetime.


Congratulations, you've just been given Down's syndrome. What choice are you going to make to fix it?

Quote:
God deals.


Oh right, because that's what this conversation needs. Religious stupidity. Let's wave some chicken bones around to decide the issue.

Quote:
You were the one to bring up psychological diseases. I think we should contain this to things we know are genetic.


Acknowledged. In that case my original point remains made unchanged.

Quote:
Well, we can't change our genetics after the fact, that's for sure.


Uhhhh, yeah of course we can't....

Besides I'm talking about your children here.
0 Replies
 
Ray
 
  1  
Reply Sun 13 Mar, 2005 01:06 am
Response to Antibuddha's comment.

Negative manipulation of genes was a term I came up with Laughing .

On the "perfection" point, exactly explain to me what your definition of perfection is, 'cause you know there are those who thinks that being strong, tall, beautiful, having certain skin colour, or certain hair colour, is perfection.

I'm for genetic engineering to prevent newborns from getting diseases, if we know how, but that's the only thing I'm for on the subject of genetic engineering.

Genes might be the code that made us, but we are not our genes. Cause is different from effect.
0 Replies
 
theantibuddha
 
  1  
Reply Sun 13 Mar, 2005 03:35 am
Ray wrote:
Negative manipulation of genes was a term I came up with.


Thanks...

...

...

<Pained silence>

...

...

... So, you going to tell me what it means now?

Quote:
On the "perfection" point, exactly explain to me what your definition of perfection is


A fair request.

Quote:
'cause you know there are those who thinks that being strong, tall, beautiful, having certain skin colour, or certain hair colour, is perfection.


I am not a geneticist or even a doctor, so my answers may be inaccurate. If eugenics were instituted one imagines more experienced and knowledgeable people than I would spend many years developing the criteria rather than my few minutes of inexperienced thought.

Neither a red, nor a yellow rose is perfect or better than the other. Yet in a romantic context a red is more appropriate and in friendship a yellow is. Thus while nothing can be perfect, it can be perfectly appropriate.

For example on the topic of skin colour, it would depend on the environment the person was to live in. Assuming a hypothetical global civilisation in which eugenics has become accepted practise, I imagine the decision of a person's skin colour would be based on the climate they're born for. Black skin would be useful for hot climates with large amounts of UV radiation. White skin would be more useful for cold climates with less sunlight. Hair and eye colour would most likely be kept to match the skin as it would keep the body's usage of melanin consistent throughout.

Quote:
Genes might be the code that made us, but we are not our genes. Cause is different from effect.


Cause leads to effect. Alter cause and you alter effect.
0 Replies
 
Ray
 
  1  
Reply Sun 13 Mar, 2005 03:15 pm
Quote:
Thanks...

...

...

<Pained silence>

...

...

... So, you going to tell me what it means now?


The forced breeding program of humanity ignoring all essential human essence and individuality, and also the manipulation of genes to produce a selfish perfect image of society thus creating a climate of prejudice and perhaps, oppression.

Quote:
For example on the topic of skin colour, it would depend on the environment the person was to live in. Assuming a hypothetical global civilisation in which eugenics has become accepted practise, I imagine the decision of a person's skin colour would be based on the climate they're born for. Black skin would be useful for hot climates with large amounts of UV radiation. White skin would be more useful for cold climates with less sunlight. Hair and eye colour would most likely be kept to match the skin as it would keep the body's usage of melanin consistent throughout.


Useful perhaps, but not essential. With the development of technology and medicine, such endeavors are useless. Human's physical outlook should not be controlled, as preferences and appropriateness highly varies between individuals and is mostly a varied subjective notion.

Here's a difference between eugenics and genetic engineering: the former refers to the breeding of humans for desireable traits whereas the latter involves the manipulation of genes without an oppressive breeding program. Which one are you for?

Quote:
Cause leads to effect. Alter cause and you alter effect.


I don't argue that fact. My point was basically, effect and cause are two different things, and it would be an error to state that we are our genes. Between genes and a human being, the latter is of more importance.
0 Replies
 
Terry
 
  1  
Reply Sun 13 Mar, 2005 04:08 pm
Ray, first I agree that there is no "perfect" gene sequence for the human race. You can't say that blond hair is more perfect than black, or vice versa. What you can say is that certain gene sequences are beneficial, detrimental, or neutral in a given environment.

Second, consciousness is indeed in the genes. The genes of a bacteria lack the ability to produce a brain that is capable of consciousness.

Third, a shark has no use for consciousness but does need good genes to produce a body that will survive and reproduce.

Fourth, some genetically unhealthy people are not good at anything and do not live long enough to reproduce.

Fifth, of course genes mutate. And 2/3 of fertilized human eggs fail to grow into babies, often due to genetic problems. You do not need a "perfect" sequence, just one that produces a body that is good enough to survive and reproduce. This allows the species to evolve to survive under changing conditions.

Sixth, temperament and traits are indeed set by your genes. Babies are born with personalities. Behavior, however, can be modified by environment, training, and the will to change.

Finally, life may have no purpose, but the adventure is in seeing how far we can evolve.
0 Replies
 
Terry
 
  1  
Reply Sun 13 Mar, 2005 04:08 pm
My daughter complains that her older brother got the best genes and she got the worst ones from us, at least when it comes to eyes and teeth. If I could have had her genes manipulated so that she also got the best from each of us, of course I would have done so. If it is OK for a parent to subject heir child to the pain of braces in order to improve their teeth, why is it not OK to painlessly modify the genes?

My husband's brother died in his teens of Duchene's muscular dystrophy. I'm sure both he and his mom would have opted to fix that defective gene if they had a choice.
0 Replies
 
cicerone imposter
 
  1  
Reply Sun 13 Mar, 2005 04:11 pm
Scientists have been trying to identify what causes health/mental problems. Eugenics is here to stay. http://www.eugenics.net/index.shtml
0 Replies
 
Thomas
 
  1  
Reply Mon 14 Mar, 2005 04:29 am
theantibuddha wrote:
Quote:
Eighth, if the idea of eugenics is worth pursuing, sexual attraction and evolution are already effective ways to pursue it.

Sexual attraction can only deal with manifested genes. Recessive genes can only be dealt with through articial selection, failure to deal with these recessive genes results in the birth of many disabled people whose lives are not so full as they otherwise might be.

Not so. Recessive genes manifest themselves less frequently than dominant ones, but it simply isn't true that they never manifest themselves at all, and that sexual attraction cannot select them out. Ironically, in the second half of the quote, you are saying so yourself. In the context of your reply, what is "the birth of many disabled people", if not a manifestation of a recessive gene?

theantibuddha wrote:
Then against perhaps you're happy with various people being born with painful or inconvenient deformities every generation. You certainly seem to be enjoying the status quo.

I'm not complaining; and even if I were, this wouldn't make me support eugenics much more vigorously. Most "painful or inconvenient deformities" arise from pregnancy complications, not genetic defects. So if I was a congressman, I'd expect better results for the taxpayer's money from improved health care for pregnant women.

theantibuddha wrote:
Sexual attraction can only deal with genes that already exist. How are you going to get glowing blue hair hmmm? You want to wait fourty millenia for that mutation?

One problem is that there are only about 30,000 genes in the human genome. Our physiology has a lot more distinct features than that, and most of them are controlled by more than one gene. If there is a mutation that produces glowing blue hair (or something else you might want), it is virtually guaranteed to have side effects, and these side effects may well make the mutation a bad tradeoff.

Another problem is that selective breeding is actually a very efficient mechanism for bringing about evolutionary change -- especially if you give it a few millenia to work on a species' genome. Without having actual evidence to present, I believe most of the "improvements" worth making have already been made . Overzealous genetical engineers are falling for a creationist fallacy that there is a lot of room for obvious improvements our genomes that have not already happened.
0 Replies
 
theantibuddha
 
  1  
Reply Mon 14 Mar, 2005 09:03 am
Thomas wrote:
Recessive genes manifest themselves less frequently than dominant ones, but it simply isn't true that they never manifest themselves at all, and that sexual attraction cannot select them out. Ironically, in the second half of the quote, you are saying so yourself. In the context of your reply, what is "the birth of many disabled people", if not a manifestation of a recessive gene?


Hey Thomas, I'm feeling pretty sick today so I'm not going to bother with overly wrong responses.

No one I know has ever refused to date or procreate with someone based upon their families genetics. Sexual selection operates on an individual basis only. Both individuals may possess the recessive gene thus causing their children to have both copies and thus make it manifest.

This would not occur if the entire recessive gene was erased.

Quote:
Most "painful or inconvenient deformities" arise from pregnancy complications, not genetic defects....


I'm starting to think that you're basing your statements on belief rather than knowledge. Here is a list of confirmed genetic disorders.

Cystic fibrosis
Fanconi Anemia
Hartnup's disease
Kartagener's syndrome
Pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency
Xeroderma Pigmentosum
Fatal Familial Insomnia
Familial hypercholesterolemia
Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia
Hereditary Spherocytosis
Huntington's disease
Marfan's Syndrome
Neurofibromatosis
Tuberous Sclerosis
Von Hippel-Lindau Syndrome
Congenital Fructose Intolerance
Galactosemia
Angelman Syndrome
Cri du Chat syndrome
Downsyndrome
Edward's syndrome
Patau's syndrome
Prader-willi syndrome
Fragile-X syndrome
Klinefelter's syndrome
Turner's syndrome
Trisomy 47
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
Osteogensis Imperfecta
Cori's disease
McArdle's disease
Pompe's disease
Von Gierke's disease
Hemophilia A
Hemophilia B
Von Willebrand disease
Ataxia Telangiectasia
Chediak-Hegashi syndrome
Chronic Granulornatous disease
Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiasis
Job's syndrome
Selective IgA deficiency
SCID
Thymic Aplasia
Wiskott-Aldric syndrome
X-linked Agammaglobulinemia
Fabry's disease
Gaucher's disease
Niemann-pick Lipidosis
Hunter's syndrome
Hurler's syndrome
Tay-Sach's disease
Albinism
Alkaptonuria
Homocystinuria
Lesch-nyhan syndrome
Maple syrup urine disease (what bastard named this one?)
Phenylketenuria
Glucose-6-Phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency
Glycolitic enzyme deficiencies
Autosomal Recessive Policystic Kidney Disease
Bartter's syndrome
Fanconi's syndrome (type 1 & 2)
Autosomal Dominant Policystic Kidney disease

... So much for not making a long post. (sigh, whoops)

Quote:
So if I was a congressman, I'd expect better results for the taxpayer's money from improved health care for pregnant women.


If I was a congressman I might get a working healthcare system that can afford both.
0 Replies
 
Thomas
 
  1  
Reply Mon 14 Mar, 2005 09:28 am
theantibuddha wrote:
No one I know has ever refused to date or procreate with someone based upon their families genetics. Sexual selection operates on an individual basis only. Both individuals may possess the recessive gene thus causing their children to have both copies and thus make it manifest.

Yes -- but lots of people have refused to date or procreate with someone who looked ugly or unhealthy, was too big or too small for his taste, was too intelligent or too stupid, and lots of other hereditary traits. My point is that yes, sexual selection does operate on an individual basis only; and yes, it only operates whenever a gene gets expressed in the phenotype of a particular individual; and yes, this happens less often for recessive genes than for dominant ones. But even so, it's an efficient selection mechanism over the millenia. Efficient enough that genes doing nothing but harm, recessive or dominant, would be weeded out by now.

theantibuddha wrote:
Quote:
Most "painful or inconvenient deformities" arise from pregnancy complications, not genetic defects....

I'm starting to think that you're basing your statements on belief rather than knowledge. Here is a list of confirmed genetic disorders.

Actually, I am basing this particular statement on a lecture I heard Christiane Nüsslein-Volhardt give in 2003. Nüsslein-Volhardt is a Nobel prize winning developmental biologist and I am not, so I do defer to her authority on this point. If you can cite a better authority, I will happily defer to it instead. But I'm afraid copying and pasting a list of hereditary diseases will not suffice to change my mind. I admit your list is long, but this doesn't mean the list of non-genetic birth defects can't be much, much longer. Can you cite evidence that it isn't?

I'm sorry to hear you're sick, and I hope you get well soon. Feel free to reply whenever your recovery permits.
0 Replies
 
theantibuddha
 
  1  
Reply Mon 14 Mar, 2005 09:52 am
Quote:
Yes -- but lots of people have refused to date or procreate with someone who looked ugly, was too big or too small for his taste, was too intelligent or too stupid, and lots of other hereditary traits.


Thanks, I was already familiar with those concepts though.

Quote:
yes, it only operates on the genes that get expressed in the phenotypes of the individuals involved.


Exactly, this is why harmful recessive genes still exist. If you disagree I have an entire list of genetic disorders up there for you to look at... You want just one example. Okay, let's make it simple.

Hemophilia. It has no demonstrated positive benefits to its recessive carriers (uniquely female) and before modern times almost universally resulted in the death of the active carriers.

Nevertheless female carriers would be completely unaffected and despite the mysterious deaths of a few of their (male) children would continue to procreate.

While this is a selective pressure, the fact that only 50% of their male children and 0% of their female children (unless they had the extreme misfortune of dating a male sufferer) meant that it was insufficient to remove itself from the general population. Particularly if it co-existed in a bloodline which had many positive beneficial genes or were in some other way having their breeding encouraged (for example, royal families).

Quote:
Efficient enough that genes doing nothing but harm, recessive or dominant, would be weeded out by now.


I solidly disagree. If that's true please explain hemophilia.

I wrote:
I'm starting to think that you're basing your statements on belief rather than knowledge.


Sorry if I maligned you. It was my honest opinion at the time that you had been, however I'm pleased to hear that I was wrong.

Quote:
If you can cite a better authority, I will happily defer to it instead.


Not at this instant. I'll look into the matter though and get back to you on this point.

Quote:
But I'm afraid copying and pasting a list of hereditary diseases will not suffice to change my mind.


Man I wish I could have copied or pasted that... I had to retype it in here one by one.

Quote:
Can you cite evidence that it isn't?


Not without much more research. To be honest after hearing about Volhardt's statement (which I hadn't previously heard) I'm far less certain which result said research would determine.

Quote:
I'm sorry to hear you're sick, and I hope you get well soon. Feel free to reply whenever your recovery permits.


Thankyou. Just an upper respiratory bug, makes it a little difficult to concentrate.

Quote:
Your list of genetic diseases is long, but this doesn't mean the list of non-genetic birth defects can't be much, much longer.


Okay... Let's assume that in this one instance you are right and I'm wrong. Let's say that more defects are caused by pregnancy events than genetic... That doesn't suddenly make sufferers of genetic disorders well, or make their suffering irrelevant.

They should be cured. Naturally priorities should be directed so as to alleviate the most suffering as we possibly can, so if eugenics must wait a few years or decades then so be it. That doesn't mean it should be dismissed.

If you assume that only one can be researched then you are completely ignoring the fact that geneticists can only work on genetic issues and... whoever it is that studies pregnancies... can only work on that. A geneticist can not offer much to help the pregnancy-ist. Since we currently have many scientists of both types they can each work on their respective issues.

Every disease I listed above was listed because their genetic cause is firmly established. Genetic manipulation is becoming quite well developed, it will not be overly long before those diseases can be cured... and they should be. They should also, (when possible and convenient) be completely erased from the human genome so that no recessive genes exist for it to remanifest.
0 Replies
 
Ray
 
  1  
Reply Mon 14 Mar, 2005 07:30 pm
Quote:
first I agree that there is no "perfect" gene sequence for the human race. You can't say that blond hair is more perfect than black, or vice versa. What you can say is that certain gene sequences are beneficial, detrimental, or neutral in a given environment.


Yes, but the environmental factor is ambiguous because of the development of technology and medicine, unless you mean social environment. That's more of a social attitude problem than a genetic one. It is more beneficial to solve the problem without applying genetic to create "perfetc physical appearance" since a society's standards and attitude becomes better.

Quote:
Second, consciousness is indeed in the genes. The genes of a bacteria lack the ability to produce a brain that is capable of consciousness.


That's a non-sequitor. The genes provide the code to form consciousness, but the genes themselves are not the consciousness which result from the execution of the code. Thus, consciousness is not "in" the genes, but the factor for the formation of consciousness is indeed a part of the gene.

Quote:
Third, a shark has no use for consciousness but does need good genes to produce a body that will survive and reproduce.


A shark has no use for consciousness, but consciousness is not a "use" itself. We keep thinking of purpose, purpose, purpose, as if a shark can determine a purpose. That's not what I believe; I believe that a shark is the way it is because of events in nature, and thus does not see a purpose nor given a purpose. Consciousness is something valuable in itself.

Quote:
Fourth, some genetically unhealthy people are not good at anything and do not live long enough to reproduce.

And who are these people, and why is the the ability to reproduce seem to be the most emphasized criteria in your sentence? I am not against the alteration of genes via genetic engineering of gametes to protect a newborn from getting genetic diseases, but I am not for the alteration of genes for physical criterias that are ambiguous, and non-essential. The former itself contains flaws and complications.

Quote:
Fifth, of course genes mutate. And 2/3 of fertilized human eggs fail to grow into babies, often due to genetic problems. You do not need a "perfect" sequence, just one that produces a body that is good enough to survive and reproduce. This allows the species to evolve to survive under changing conditions.


If you are speaking in terms of survival of the specie, we don't need to alter genes since the human specie will survive regardless of individuals having traits that do not allow them to reproduce.

I was arguing against the notion of a "perfect gene," and not to what you're for Terry.

Quote:
Sixth, temperament and traits are indeed set by your genes. Babies are born with personalities. Behavior, however, can be modified by environment, training, and the will to change.


That is a debateable issue. Genes do at the least, set the potential for certain traits to arise in a certain circumstance, and I also don't believe that it sets a fixed set of traits. The development of infants is more important generally, IMO anyways. If you look at the history of many psychopaths, they have abusive childhoods, or so I've read. I'm not too sure on sociopaths though. This is a nurture vs. nature debate that's still going on.

Quote:
Finally, life may have no purpose, but the adventure is in seeing how far we can evolve.


That is the adventure that you have set yourself to venturing, but that should never ever crossed the line of dictating people toward that certain goal, and what "should" be done is of more importance to our life then does a pointless evolutionary process that might in itself end up toward part of a collapse toward a single singularity a.k.a. another big bang.
0 Replies
 
 

Related Topics

How can we be sure? - Discussion by Raishu-tensho
Proof of nonexistence of free will - Discussion by litewave
Destroy My Belief System, Please! - Discussion by Thomas
Star Wars in Philosophy. - Discussion by Logicus
Existence of Everything. - Discussion by Logicus
Is it better to be feared or loved? - Discussion by Black King
Paradigm shifts - Question by Cyracuz
 
Copyright © 2024 MadLab, LLC :: Terms of Service :: Privacy Policy :: Page generated in 0.03 seconds on 05/19/2024 at 01:53:18