Samuel Mudd
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Dr. Samuel Alexander Mudd (December 20, 1833 - January 10, 1883) was born in Charles County, Maryland. He was the fourth of ten children of Henry Lowe Mudd, and his wife, Sarah Ann Reeves. His father owned a large plantation called "Oak Hill," which was approximately 30 miles (48 km), from downtown Washington, DC. Mudd attended Georgetown College, before studying medicine at Baltimore Medical College.
After graduating in 1856, he returned to Charles County where he worked as a physician. On November 26, 1857, he married Sarah Dyer, his childhood sweetheart. They then bought their own farm near Bryantown, Maryland, and they became the parents of nine children.
Mudd had long been an advocate of slavery and, like many Marylanders, supported the Confederacy during the Civil War. He was known to associate with Confederate agents. They included the actor, John Wilkes Booth, who he met for the first time on November 13, 1864. Booth later shot President Abraham Lincoln. After Booth's assassination of Lincoln, on April 14, 1865, Booth broke his left leg while fleeing Ford's Theater. A disguised Booth and David Herold arrived at Mudd's house at around four o'clock in the morning on April 15. Mudd set, splinted and bandaged Booth's broken leg, and arranged for a carpenter to make a pair of crutches for Booth. He also procurred a carriage in Bryantown the next day, for Booth to continue his escape in.
By noon, the news of the President's assassination had reached Bryantown, and of Booth's complicity in it, as well. Dr. Mudd was aware of all of these facts. He also hid the boot he had cut off of John Wilkes Booth's broken leg, between a space in his attic wall. By not contacting any of the authorities of his activities, he soon became a suspect involved in the conspiracy.
After Booth's death, Mudd was arrested and charged with conspiracy to murder Abraham Lincoln. During his subsequent trial, Mudd repeatedly denied recognizing Booth while treating him.
On May 1, 1865, President Andrew Johnson ordered the formation of a nine-man military commission to try the conspirators. The trial began on May 10, 1865. Mary Surratt, Lewis Powell, George Atzerodt, David Herold, Samuel Mudd, Michael O'Laughlin, Edman Spangler and Samuel Arnold were all charged with conspiring to murder Lincoln.
On June 29, 1865, Mudd was found guilty of conspiracy to murder the President. The testimony of Louis J. Weichmann was crucial in procuring the conviction of Mudd and the others. He missed the death penalty by one vote and was sentenced to life imprisonment. Four of the defendants, Surratt, Powell, Atzerodt and Herold were hanged at the Old Penitentiary at the Washington Arsenal on July 7, 1865. Mudd and the three others were imprisoned at Fort Jefferson.
During an outbreak of yellow fever in 1867 at the fort, the prison doctor died. Mudd agreed to take over the position.
Mudd was pardoned by President Andrew Johnson on February 8, 1869, released from prison on March 8, 1869, and returned home to Maryland on March 20, 1869. In 1877 Dr. Mudd ran unsuccessfully as a Democratic candidate for the Maryland House of Delegates. He died of pneumonia on January 10, 1883, and was buried at St. Mary's Catholic Church Cemetery in Bryantown, Maryland.
Note that the expression "His name is mud" is not related to Samuel Mudd as there are much earlier references to it, although this is frequently cited as being its origin; this fact is pointed out by some linguists and semanticists as an example of "folk etymology" or "fake etymology".
Mudd's grandson Richard Mudd unsuccesfully tried to clear his grandfather's name from the stigma of aiding John Wilkes Booth.
His life was the subject of a 1936 John Ford-directed film The Prisoner of Shark Island. It had a script by Nunnally Johnson. Another film, entitled The Ordeal of Dr. Mudd, was made in 1980. It stars Dennis Weaver as Mudd, and espouses the point of view that Mudd was innocent of any conspiracy.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Mudd