@vikorr,
Quote:similar to the Islamic concept of abrogation, where he revealed different attitudes as the strength of the Muslim faithful grew.
I will reply in as much detail as I can because I think it is very important for non-Muslims to understand what abrogation mean when we talk about this in context to Quran. Let's first see what is the source of theory of abrogation? It is actually based on the interpretation of two verses within the Quran.
First verse in Quran about abrogation (Quran 2:106)
Allah says in the Quran:
Quote:Whichever Ayah We relinquish or cause to be forgotten We replace it with its equal or with that which is greater, did you not know that God is capable of all things? [Quran 2:106]
Second verse in the Quran about abrogation (Quran 16:101)
Quote:When We substitute one Ayat (revelation) in place of another, and God is fully aware of what He reveals, they say, 'You made this up'. Indeed most of them do not know [Quran 16:101]
The Arabic word mentioned is above verses "ayat" can have several means but one which apply to these verses is ‘signs’ or ‘verses’ as well as ‘revelations’. These verses thus can be interpreted in two ways:
1. The revelations that are abrogated are those revelations that were revealed before the Quran, for example the Torah, the Zaboor and the Injeel. This interpretation also agrees with Quran when Allah says:
Quote:Then we revealed to you this scripture, truthfully, confirming previous scriptures, and superseding them. [Quran 5:48]
So
Quran 2:106 says that Allah does not cause the previous revelations to be forgotten but He substitutes them with something better or similar, indicating that the Torah, the Zaboor and the Injeel were substituted by the Quran.
2. If we consider that the Arabic word ayat in the above verse refers to the verses of the Quran, and not previous revelations, then it indicates that none of the verses of the Quran are abrogated by Allah but substituted with something better or similar. This means that certain verses of the Quran, that were revealed earlier were substituted by verses that were revealed later.
I agree with both the interpretations.
Many Muslims and non-Muslims misunderstand the second interpretation to mean that some of the earlier verses of the Quran were abrogated and no longer hold true for us today, as they have been replaced by the later verses of the Quran or the abrogating verses. This group of people even wrongly believe that these verses contradict each other.
Let us analyze this with an example:
A perfect example of abrogated verses in Quran is related to gradual prohibition of intoxicants. The first revelation of the Quran to deal with intoxicants was the following verse from Surah Baqarah:
Quote:They ask you concerning wine and gambling say: In them is great sin, and some profit, for men; but the sin is greater than the profit. [Al-Quran 2:219]
The next verse to be revealed regarding intoxicants is the following verse from Surah Nisa:
Quote:O you who believe! approach not prayers with a mind befogged, until you can understand all that you say [Al-Qur’an 4:43]
The last verse to be revealed regarding intoxicants was the following verse from Surah Al-Maidah:
Quote:O you who believe! intoxicants and gambling, (dedication of) stones, and (divination by) arrows, are an abomination of Satan’s handiwork; eschew such (abomination), that you may prosper. [Al-Qur’an 5:90]
Now on surface it look like a contradiction. But let me explain so that we can appreciate the Divinee wisdom. The Quran was revealed over a period of 22½ years. Many reforms that were brought about in the society were gradual. This was to facilitate the adoption of new laws by the people. An abrupt change in society always leads to rebellion and anarchy.
The prohibition of intoxicants was revealed in three stages. The first revelation only mentioned that in the intoxicants there is great sin and some profit but the sin is greater than the profit. The next revelation prohibited praying in an intoxicated state, indicating that one should not consume intoxicants during the day, since a Muslim has to pray five times a day. This verse does state that when one is not praying at night one is allowed to consume intoxicants. It means one may have or one may not have. The Quran does not comment on it. If this verse had mentioned that one is allowed to have intoxicants while not praying then there would have been a contradiction. Allah chose words appropriately. Finally the total prohibition of intoxicants at all times was revealed in Surah Maidah chapter 5 verse 90.
This clearly indicates that the three verses do not contradict each other. Had they been contradicting, it would not have been possible to follow all the three verses simultaneously. Since a Muslim is expected to follow each and every verse of the Quran, only by following the last verse i.e. of Surah Maidah (5:90), he simultaneously agrees and follows the previous two verses.
This also applies in our day and time. If someone accepts Islam but he/she is a heavy drinker then he/she does not have to give up alcohol the day he/she accepted Islam. Just take the gradual approach as indicated in Quran and aim to give up alcohol slowly and steadily. Similarly, if one becomes Muslim then he/she can start praying one time a day and slowly makes his/her way to five daily prayers. Islam is a religion which is purely based on human nature and I love Islam.
I hope this helps you to understand the concept of abrogation. If you have any particular verses you want to discuss, please let me know and I will try to explain those.