A history of conflict
1994: Russia sends federal forces to Chechnya, three years after former Soviet air force officer Dzhokar Dudayev becomes president and declares republic independent.
1996: Dudayev is killed by a rocket that locks on to the signal from his satellite phone. After humiliating defeats by the rebels, Moscow agrees a peace deal that gives the region substantial autonomy but not independence.
1997: Aslan Maskhadov is elected Chechen president. He will later be driven into hiding.
1999: Prompted by a rebel incursion into neighbouring Dagestan and a wave of bombings in Moscow, then Russian prime minister Vladimir Putin launches a new offensive in Chechnya.
2003: Fighting continues as a new constitution is approved in a referendum and pro-Moscow leader Akhmad Kadyrov (right) is installed as president.
2004: Kadyrov is assassinated in Grozny. The conflict spills over into Ingushetia, a former safe haven for refugees.
Quote:
West blamed for Chechen rampage
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