7
   

Public Arrests

 
 
patiodog
 
  1  
Reply Mon 16 Jan, 2012 09:36 pm
@Ceili,
Quote:
Rarely do these same outlets report with gusto the mistakes or the justice system and/or the absolution of these same charges.


Very true. It's just not as interesting as news. Certainly an acquittal or dropping of charges is not going to lead the evening news broadcast or merit and above-the-fold front page headline.

Interestingly (and not what I'm referring to in my previous line), my home town newspaper when I was growing up printed prominently the "news of record"--all calls the sherrif's dept. had been called to and the names of anybody who had been arrested for DUI. They did not report on the outcomes of the DUI trials, guilty or otherwise.

What hasn't been mentioned yet is that, if the public harbored distaste toward the practice of the perp walk, they would have recourse in most instances: District Attorney is an elected position, and it is possible (though not likely) that a population could indicate their distaste for the practice by voting the DA out.

0 Replies
 
firefly
 
  1  
Reply Mon 16 Jan, 2012 09:47 pm
@Ceili,
Quote:
Oh yeah, what good is suing the government after the fact? A couple of dollars, please. The damage has been done and money rarely ever can appease that loss of innocence.

In cases of malicious or wrongful prosecution the damage awards can easily be in the millions. That's hardly "a couple of dollars" and that amount of money can appease "that loss of innocence".

Sometimes people are charged incorrectly, but I do believe that most people arrested for crimes in this country are people who did commit those crimes. I don't believe the police run around looking to arrest innocent people. And, in order to charge someone with a crime, there must be some evidence to support the charge. So, in the public mind, most people arrested are not seen as "innocent", but the court of public opinion is not the same as a jury box filled with citizens who have a specific obligation to maintain the presumption of innocence at the start of a trial. And, it is only before a jury that a defendant does have the presumption of innocence. Everyone else is free to make up their own mind--before the trial, during the trial, and after the trial.

People who have actually committed the crimes they are charged with are also sometimes acquitted at trial, and those people could hardly be called "innocent", they have simply been found not guilty legally, sometimes because the defense successfully kept certain evidence out of the trial, or because the jurors were not sufficiently convinced. But the pubic will still continue to view these people as guilty. So, I think we have to differentiate the legal presumption of innocence before a jury, from the way most people regard someone charged with a crime, or even acquitted after trial--for the public, it depends on the evidence the government had to back the charge, or other things known about the defendant, some of which a jury might never get to hear or see. One's guilt or innocence in the public mind can have little to do with their legal status.

Most people take their obligations as jurors very seriously. I do believe that most jurors do give the defendant the presumption of innocence and they listen to both the defense and the prosecution present their case and they expect the government to meet their burden of proof.

One advantage of making public the name or photo of a person arrested and charged with a crime is that other witnesses or victims or people who might have additional knowledge regarding the crime might come forward to provide additional evidence for the prosecution, because they recognize the person in the photo.

I think employers have a right to know if their employees are charged with crimes. I think people have a right to know if public officials are charged with crimes. I think I have a right to know if my accountant, or babysitter, or doctor is charged with a crime.

In Canada, just as the U.S., law enforcement believes the person they have charged to be guilty. So there is no purity in the Canadian system in that regard. Governments in both countries presume guilt when they arrest and charge someone.

I constantly see pictures of people who have been arrested, both in the daily paper and on the TV news. Just seeing those images would not affect my ability to be an unbiased juror on their cases. And, since everyone else sees the same images I do, we would never have juries return not guilty verdicts if those arrest images were the determining factors.



ehBeth
 
  2  
Reply Mon 16 Jan, 2012 09:50 pm
@firefly,
firefly wrote:

Quote:
Oh yeah, what good is suing the government after the fact? A couple of dollars, please. The damage has been done and money rarely ever can appease that loss of innocence.

In cases of malicious or wrongful prosecution the damage awards can easily be in the millions. That's hardly "a couple of dollars" and that amount of money can appease "that loss of innocence".


I can't decide if you're naive or ice-cold.
0 Replies
 
firefly
 
  1  
Reply Mon 16 Jan, 2012 10:11 pm
@ehBeth,
Quote:
Why should you have a right to privacy on Able2know?

Because this is not a venue that requires identifying information.

But, if I were arrested, I must be photographed, fingerprinted, possibly have to submit to a body cavity search, and then I'd be put in a cell where I could be observed before being taken to appear before a judge in a public courtroom.

Criminal proceedings are public matters in the U.S. I, personally, have no problem with that.
0 Replies
 
firefly
 
  1  
Reply Mon 16 Jan, 2012 10:23 pm
@Lustig Andrei,
Quote:
You keep bringing up a handful of unusual very high-profile cases, firefly.

Because those are the cases where a great deal of pre-trial publicity is most likely to be a factor at trial in terms of influencing a jury.
And, you are right, I meant Robert Blake.

The average person arrested receives no publicity and no notice from the public. Something about the crime, or the particular person arrested, has to make it newsworthy for the media.

The two people I knew who were arrested, and who turned up on the evening news, were arrested for crimes atypical for people in their professions, but otherwise they weren't especially newsworthy, and both were ignored by the media after their arrests.


0 Replies
 
Ceili
 
  3  
Reply Mon 16 Jan, 2012 11:01 pm
@firefly,
Juries are a very small part of the legal equation. As you've said, presumed innocent only applies in the court. But in the case of the public, people are tried and found guilty before a trial. Even if a trial never happens for a myraid of different reason, guilty or not.
Sure, you look at a list of names - that mean nothing to you, and you'll forget almost every names and the alleged crime. The same for most I'd imagine, so yes, this is way most juries are not prejudiced, but not always ( see quote below). However, the people that are directly involved with that person won't be so easily dismissive.
A person who get's arrested for possession, for example, may be guilty, the may lose their jobs. His or her children maybe taken away. They may lose their home or loans or any number of things. Their spouses or family will be subject to the jaundiced eye of their neighbours or acquaintances. Their children maybe at the mercy of other parents and children who now will view them with prejudice and in many cases will be subject to taunting and bullying.
As you said, you think it`s your right to know if your accountant, babysitter et al have been arrested. Would you honestly give them a fair or 2nd chance. Unlikely, you`ve just written
Quote:
but I do believe that most people arrested for crimes in this country are people who did commit those crimes.
. Not really unbiased, is it...
Take the case of Thom Swift. You have written reams about him and have summarily convicted him. You don't know him, but you have the entire community he was a part of enthralled with your every post. Most of it has been conjecture, nothing more. You and others have convicted him pretrial. Do you think any of them will ever forget much less forgive? Do you honestly think he will receive a fair trial in a small place like St. Petes?
As for money... Do you think the average, ordinary citizen who gets caught up in the legal system really sues and is granted millions. Hardly. Many so-called criminals can barely pay for their defense never mind further lawsuits. The system is stacked against them.
As for the police running around looking around for innocents... ever heard of driving while black?
0 Replies
 
Lustig Andrei
 
  2  
Reply Mon 16 Jan, 2012 11:18 pm
@firefly,
firefly wrote:
I do believe that most people arrested for crimes in this country are people who did commit those crimes.


That's the most telling statement about yourself you've made yet. I pray that you never ever end up on a jury in a capital case or any other case where the punishment might be severe. You'd be going in there with your mind firmly made up. "Our fine police arrested him and brought him to trial; he must be guilty."

<shudder>
cicerone imposter
 
  3  
Reply Mon 16 Jan, 2012 11:22 pm
@Lustig Andrei,
I know it was some years ago, but I remember reading about some law students who investigated some who were sent to prison because they were found guilty of the crime they were charged with. Through their investigation, they proved - I think many were through DNA - that they were innocent of the crimes, and released. There were many, but I don't remember the numbers.

To assume guilt or innocence before any trial is unfair to everybody.
firefly
 
  1  
Reply Tue 17 Jan, 2012 04:04 am
@Lustig Andrei,
Quote:
That's the most telling statement about yourself you've made yet. I pray that you never ever end up on a jury in a capital case or any other case where the punishment might be severe. You'd be going in there with your mind firmly made up. "Our fine police arrested him and brought him to trial; he must be guilty."

It is not unreasonably biased to think that most people who are arrested are arrested with good reason and with evidence to support the arrest. I don't think that all our police departments and prosecutors offices are cesspools of corruption where ethics and legal obligations are willfully disregarded. It would be downright crazy to believe that most people who are arrested did not engage in the criminal acts and violations they are charged with. That would suggest that law enforcement makes arrests and brings charges in most cases without sufficient evidence to do so, and that most judges collude in this charade by finding probable cause where there is none, and that most defense attorneys are deadwood who stand mute while all this is going on. I'm not paranoid enough to believe that is the way our system operates.
The presumption of legal innocence at an eventual trial does not mean we disregard the possibility, or the probability, of guilt when someone is arrested, otherwise all arrests would make no sense. I think we have to use a little common sense here.

Whether a defendant is guilty, in terms of having actually committed the crime, is quite apart from the issue of whether the state can meet it's burden of proof and convince a jury of that guilt at trial. The jurors must presume innocence at the outset of the trial, that is their obligation, and the state must meet their burden of proof. And, if I was on a jury, I would never assume legal guilt simply because the person was on trial, the state would have to convince me of guilt, beyond a reasonable doubt, on the basis of the evidence they presented.

But what sometimes happens in trials now, that's been dubbed "the CSI effect", is that jurors demand or expect evidence, like DNA, that supports certainty of guilt, beyond any and all doubt, because that's what they've seen in the crime investigation shows, like CSI. But not all crimes yield that type of evidence. So, even where the state has a very strong circumstantial case, the jurors might remain with reasonable doubts simply because they haven't seen the type of hard evidence they've come to expect, from these CSI type shows, to erase all doubt. That does create a unique kind of challenge for prosecutors because they can now wind up with jury pools who have been influenced, prior to the start of trials, by these fictionalized crime dramas that can create unrealistic expectations regarding types of evidence. So, that's a possible additional factor that can work to bias potential jurors in some cases, but that one can bias them against the prosecution.

If you believe that most people arrested did not commit the crimes with which they are charged, you must be very paranoid regarding the government, because you'd see the government as arresting mainly innocent people. I'm not sure I'd want you on a jury in that case either.

But I don't think any of this is relevant to the topic question of whether perp walks, or the fact that arrests are made public, has any real influence on jurors in terms of presumption of innocence.
Obviously, the state presumes guilt when they bring charges. That alone is not going to convince a jury. And having seeing a perp walk months earlier certainly won't convince them either.

And, you don't have to worry, I'd never wind up on a jury in a capital case--I don't support the death penalty.

Jared Lee Loughner, the defendant in the shootings that involved Rep. Gabrielle Giffords is guilty, he did commit those acts, the crimes were witnessed and he was arrested at the scene. No one with any sense needs a trial to know whether Jared Lee Loughner did the deeds with which he is charged. There is no realistic presumption of innocence in this case.
The only real issue is his mental state at the time of the crime and whether he can be executed since he faces the death penalty. In Arizona, you cannot be found not guilty on the basis of insanity, but he can be found guilty but insane.
So far, they haven't been able to find him competent to stand trial. He has another hearing in about a week and a half to evaluate his competency once more.

Should the public not know the identity of the person they arrested for trying to kill Rep. Giffords--and who, in fact, killed 6 other people? Do you really think that publicizing his identity at the time of his arrest will influence the eventual outcome of this case in any way? Are Jared Lee Loughner's legal rights being compromised because we know his identity prior to his trial?

I was the victim of a burglary in which the police caught the "suspect" right near my home carrying my property. They not only told me his name, they asked me if I wanted to see him sitting in his jail cell before they returned my property to me, an offer I declined. Would you have expected me to afford him the presumption of innocence? His fingerprints were found inside my home, my property was found on his person. And it didn't bother me one bit that our little local paper mentioned his name in their story about the burglary and his arrest. If that mention of his name in the paper harmed his reputation or good name so be it. I'm sure his reputation suffered more by the fact that he was sentenced to four years in prison after he accepted a plea deal in the case.







firefly
 
  1  
Reply Tue 17 Jan, 2012 04:27 am
@cicerone imposter,
Quote:
I know it was some years ago, but I remember reading about some law students who investigated some who were sent to prison because they were found guilty of the crime they were charged with. Through their investigation, they proved - I think many were through DNA - that they were innocent of the crimes, and released. There were many, but I don't remember the numbers.

That's the work that the Innocence Project engages in. Remember Barry Scheck from the O.J. trial? He's one of the founders.
Quote:
The Innocence Project was established in the wake of a landmark study by the United States Department of Justice and the United States Senate, in conjunction with the Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law, which found that incorrect identification by eyewitnesses was a factor in over 70% of wrongful convictions.The original Innocence Project was founded in 1992 by Barry Scheck and Peter Neufeld as part of the Cardozo School of Law of Yeshiva University in New York City...

Some of the Innocence Project's successes have resulted in rescuing innocent people from Death Row. The successes of the project have fueled American opposition to the death penalty and have likely been a factor in the decision by some American states to institute moratoria on judicial executions

As of January 2012, 283 people previously convicted of serious crimes in the United States had been exonerated by DNA testing since 1989, seventeen of whom had been sentenced to death. Almost all (99%) of the convictions proven to be false were of males, with minority groups also disproportionately represented (approximately 70%).
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innocence_Project

They do wonderful work. Wrongful convictions that can be overturned, should be overturned.
Quote:
To assume guilt or innocence before any trial is unfair to everybody.

The people the Innocence Project has freed were convicted at trials. They were mostly convicted on the basis of mistaken witness identification at a time when DNA testing, which might have exonerated them, was not yet being done.



0 Replies
 
BillRM
 
  2  
Reply Tue 17 Jan, 2012 08:51 am
I see that Firefly is posting away and as I had stopped reading this thread I can only assume that she is still trying to sell the idea that there is no such thing as a perp walk just poor hard working law enforcement moving evil doers from one point to another in front of cameras.

She is so openly dishonest it can get silly at times.

0 Replies
 
cicerone imposter
 
  2  
Reply Tue 17 Jan, 2012 11:05 am
@firefly,
Most charged with crimes must be presumed innocent until found otherwise.

Even our legal system is not perfect; beginning with the police and followed by the court system of this country.
ehBeth
 
  2  
Reply Tue 17 Jan, 2012 11:18 am
@firefly,
firefly wrote:
But I don't think any of this is relevant to the topic question of whether perp walks, or the fact that arrests are made public,


what is the benefit to the american judicial system of public arrest notices and perp walks?

as you advised in your post, use some common sense
Ceili
 
  3  
Reply Tue 17 Jan, 2012 12:48 pm
@ehBeth,
Quote:
The presumption of innocence is a basic American belief. Accordingly, why do we publicize arrests? We even allow the prosecutor to invite the press to the arrest to record the perp walk.

Since the arrest is public, why not require the prosecutor to make public any dropping of charges?


Just a refresher, this was the question that started the whole thing. Firefly brought up Juries...
Red herring much?
firefly
 
  1  
Reply Tue 17 Jan, 2012 01:29 pm
@cicerone imposter,
Quote:
Most charged with crimes must be presumed innocent until found otherwise.

Mainly in terms of their legal status, particularly before a jury. And, in that regard, I believe all, and not just most, must be presumed innocent.

Obviously, the government does not presume innocence when they charge someone with crimes, nor does the general public have to presume innocence if the pre-trial facts suggest otherwise, as is the case with Jared Lee Loughner.

I am drawing a distinction between the legal presumption of innocence before a jury and actual innocence in the colloquial sense, in terms of the person having no involvement whatsoever with the commission of a crime, because those are quite different definitions of the term. I am also drawing a distinction between the legal obligation of jurors and the freedom and prerogative of the general public to form their own opinions on the matter without being bound by the same obligations as jurors.

I'm not being unfair to Jared Lee Loughner when I say I think he's guilty of committing those shootings, because the available evidence, which formed the basis for the charges against him, indicates, to me, that is the case. That doesn't mean the government doesn't still have to present that evidence in a courtroom where it can be countered or challenged by the defense, or that potential jurors in the case do not have an obligation to give that evidence impartial consideration.

And I think we also have to additionally distinguish, even pre-trial, between those who are innocent because they did not actually commit the criminal act, and those who have committed the criminal act but maintain they are not responsible, by reason of insanity or mental defect. In the latter case, there is no presumption of actual "innocence", the legal issue at trial focuses on whether the defendant should be held criminally responsible. And, in those cases, the general public can assume that the defendant is guilty of the crime itself, quite apart from whether their offense will be legally deemed a criminal act at trial. So, I wasn't being unfair to Andrea Yates when I assumed she was guilty of killing her children, even prior to her trials, because there was sufficient evidence, in my view, to support the charge, and her plea confirmed that. Similarly, I don't think I'm being unfair to Levi Aron to consider him guilty of the murder of little 8 year old Leiby Kletzky in Brooklyn, New York, even though his trial is still a long way off, because the evidence against him supports my opinion. But, whether the government will be able to actually persuade jurors to criminally convict Levi Aron, or Jared Lee Loughner, is a whole different matter. If both enter insanity defenses, the "presumption of innocence" takes on an entirely different slant because there is an acknowledgment that they did commit the acts with which they are charged.

So, I am drawing different distinctions in terms of the use of words such as "innocence" or "guilt"--there are differences between the legal and colloquial definitions of these terms, and there are different obligations ascribed to jurors and the general public in terms of the types of judgments they can reasonably make.

If I am not a juror, or even a potential jury, in a legal case, I am free to hold any opinion I chose regarding a defendant's guilt or innocence before the matter is completely tried in a court of law, and most people do this all the time, particularly in high profile criminal cases, they don't often withhold personal judgment until the jury verdict comes in. Nancy Grace would be out of business if she couldn't continuously assert such opinions on TV. We do have a court of public opinion, quite apart from the actual criminal justice system, and I'm not sure there is anything wrong with that. It certainly makes for lively debate on forums such as this one when we discuss actual legal cases.







0 Replies
 
firefly
 
  0  
Reply Tue 17 Jan, 2012 01:38 pm
@Ceili,
Quote:
Just a refresher, this was the question that started the whole thing. Firefly brought up Juries...
Red herring much?

It's not a red herring at all--the "presumption of innocence" refers to juries and to the defendant's legal status at trial.
Quote:
The Presumption of Innocence

A principle that requires the government to prove the guilt of a criminal defendant and relieves the defendant of any burden to prove his or her innocence.

The presumption of innocence, an ancient tenet of Criminal Law, is actually a misnomer. According to the U.S. Supreme Court, the presumption of the innocence of a criminal defendant is best described as an assumption of innocence that is indulged in the absence of contrary evidence (Taylor v. Kentucky, 436 U.S. 478, 98 S. Ct. 1930, 56 L. Ed. 2d 468 [1978]). It is not considered evidence of the defendant's innocence, and it does not require that a mandatory inference favorable to the defendant be drawn from any facts in evidence.

In practice the presumption of innocence is animated by the requirement that the government prove the charges against the defendant Beyond a Reasonable Doubt. This due process requirement, a fundamental tenet of criminal law, is contained in statutes and judicial opinions. The requirement that a person suspected of a crime be presumed innocent also is mandated in statutes and court opinions. The two principles go together, but they can be separated.

The Supreme Court has ruled that, under some circumstances, a court should issue jury instructions on the presumption of innocence in addition to instructions on the requirement of proof beyond a reasonable doubt (Taylor v. Kentucky). A presumption of innocence instruction may be required if the jury is in danger of convicting the defendant on the basis of extraneous considerations rather than the facts of the case.

The presumption of innocence principle supports the practice of releasing criminal defendants from jail prior to trial. However, the government may detain some criminal defendants without bail through the end of trial. The Eighth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution states that excessive bail shall not be required, but it is widely accepted that governments have the right to detain through trial a defendant of a serious crime who is a flight risk or poses a danger to the public. In such cases the presumption of innocence is largely theoretical.

Aside from the related requirement of proof beyond a reasonable doubt, the presumption of innocence is largely symbolic. The reality is that no defendant would face trial unless somebody—the crime victim, the prosecutor, a police officer—believed that the defendant was guilty of a crime. After the government has presented enough evidence to constitute Probable Cause to believe that the defendant has committed a crime, the accused need not be treated as if he or she was innocent of a crime, and the defendant may be jailed with the approval of the court.

Nevertheless, the presumption of innocence is essential to the criminal process. The mere mention of the phrase presumed innocent keeps judges and juries focused on the ultimate issue at hand in a criminal case: whether the prosecution has proven beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant committed the alleged acts. The people of the United States have rejected the alternative to a presumption of innocence—a presumption of guilt—as being inquisitorial and contrary to the principles of a free society.
http://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/presumption+of+innocence


0 Replies
 
firefly
 
  1  
Reply Tue 17 Jan, 2012 02:12 pm
@ehBeth,
Quote:
what is the benefit to the american judicial system of public arrest notices and perp walks?

I think perp walks are mainly for the benefit of the media, and the media serves public curiosity when they provide such images in their coverage. I don't really think they are of particular benefit to the judicial system. They are only images of defendants in custody being escorted from one place to another.

The fact that arrests are made public serves the judicial system by allowing the public, and the media, to be involved in the process, to actually observe the process in an open criminal courtroom. The public and the media can become, in effect, watchdogs on the criminal justice process, which helps to protect against abuses, and it also helps to inform the voting public about the actions of elected office holders--like D.A.s and judges--in actual courtroom proceedings in actual cases.

As someone else noted earlier in this thread, the fact that the names of those arrested are made public keeps people from "disappearing". We know who was taken into custody, how long they were held before appearing before a judge, whether they are out on bail and, if so, the conditions of bail.

And, as I mentioned earlier in this thread, making publicly available the name or photo of someone who is arrested may allow additional witnesses, or victims, or those with some other knowledge of the crime or defendant, to come forward because they recognized the name or photo, and this may help to provide additional information or evidence which could be useful to either the prosecution or the defense.
Law enforcement often makes names and photos publicly available when they are simply searching for suspects, or additional information, and that's prior to any arrest.
cicerone imposter
 
  1  
Reply Tue 17 Jan, 2012 02:21 pm
@firefly,
Excellent points, firefly. Openness of our judicial system provides the necessary safeguards against the accused and the police. Most of us remember Rodney King who was beaten by the police that was taped by a private citizen and shown all over the world. We also know when Bernard Madoff was cuffed and taken to jail, a picture most have seen.
0 Replies
 
parados
 
  1  
Reply Tue 17 Jan, 2012 04:21 pm
@Ceili,
Arrests and dropping of charges are both matters of public record.
parados
 
  3  
Reply Tue 17 Jan, 2012 04:24 pm
@parados,
This is an issue of the news media and how they sensationalize crime and the alleged perpetrators. Nancy Grace is a prime example of how they distort reality for sensational effect.
0 Replies
 
 

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