@engineer,
engineer wrote:As for the scholar-athlete, that brings to mind "Chariots of Fire" where all the elite athletes were from an elite college.
You must have missed the point of that motion picture. The modern Olympiad insisted upon "amateur" athletes precisely because they wished to exclude working class athletes who had to play for money in order to be able to devote their time to their athletic training. "Elite athletes" from elite universities (what the English call a college we would call a private secondary school--either that or a subdivision of a university) were from the class which could afford to forgo a professional career in order to train as athletes.
Ian Holm portrays Sam Mussabini, who was disdained by the university crowd because he was a professional coach. However, in those days, most running coaches were little more than glorified masseuses, and Mussabini used a "scientific" method to improve the performance of his charges. The runner Eric Liddell was the son of christian missionaries in China, and was born in China, and would go back as a missionary and die there. In Scotland he was (and still is) revered, and he routinely addressed workingmen's athletic organizations, with an evangelical christian message. The film puts the runners at Cambridge, although they were actually at Oxford (all the charaters are based on real people, and almost all the events are historically accurate). For the university set, Liddell and Mussabini were not
comme il faut--Liddell attended the University of Edinburgh, and that combined with his evangelism created a gap between him and the aristocratic crowd from Oxford. To their credit, the runners from Oxford ignored this.
George's post speaks to the advantages enjoyed by older children in sports leagues.
Chariots of Fire missed an opportunity to portray the advantages enjoyed by university men in Olympic competition, where most working class athletes could never compete, because they needed to compete professionally in order to devote all of their time to training and perfecting their skills. Events such as track and field, where there was no professional option, virtually excluded everyone but university men.