@lockeWiggins,
Quote:either you are (as in the case of being prosecuted for murder while drunk) capable of making decisions while intoxicated.
or you are not (as in the case of not being able to consent while drunk)
the question is simple... legally can you or cant you make accountable decisions while intoxicated
You are confusing several factors, besides the concepts of "consent" and "intent".
I think it would be helpful if you separated criminal from non-criminal actions when discussing the issue of responsibility and accountability. You also have to separate the victim of a crime from the person who commits the crime. We do not hold the victim legally responsible for crimes others commit against them.
Voluntary intoxication does not excuse an individual from accountability if that person commits a criminal act while impaired by alcohol.
If you get drunk and then drive, and cause an accident that results in a fatality, you will be held legally accountable for the decision to drive while impaired and the death of another person. That is a
criminal act committed while intoxicated.
Similarly, if you rape someone when you are intoxicated, you have committed a
criminal act while intoxicated. It is, in effect, no different than the drunken driving scenario.
Generally speaking, sexual intercourse between two adults is a legal action.
The crime of rape is generally described as engaging in sexual intercourse without consent of the other party.
In deciding whether the sexual act is criminal, the issue of "consent" does become crucial. The law defines how the term "consent" is to be understood, and, most often, it includes a description to the effect that "fully aware, knowing agreement was given". In other words, the person has to be aware of the situation and what they are agreeing to do--their judgment has to be relatively unimpaired by mental defects, mental illness, or by substances that would cloud consciousness or cognitive functioning. They would probably also have to be physically capable of indicating non-consent in some way, verbally or behaviorally, if the act was something they didn't want to do.
The person who is indicating consent or non-consent is not engaging in any sort of criminal act. Regardless of whether they agree or disagree to the sexual intercourse, they are not engaging in criminal behavior, and the fact that they might be drunk does not make their behavior criminal.
You have been making an erroneous assumption that the state can remove the ability to consent to sexual intercourse from an otherwise competent adult person who is temporarily intoxicated--that the state can, after the fact, tell an adult intoxicated person, who sincerely felt they had given consent for sexual intercourse, that they could not legally consent to the act. Your assumption is incorrect. The state does not deprive competent adults of their rights to consent to sex while they are intoxicated. Intoxicated people can willingly engage in sexual activity. They believe their actions were willing and they do not regard it is being unwanted or against their will. They do not consider it rape. They do not report it as a crime.
When someone lodges a criminal rape complaint they are alleging that an act of sexual intercourse was performed against their will, either without their fully aware, knowing consent, or despite their indications of non-consent, or when they were unable to offer resistance. They are alleging that they did not consent to the act. They are alleging that an unwanted criminal act was committed against them. The state is not removing the right to consent in this case, the victim is claiming that legal consent was never given, and, therefore, the actions of the other person were criminal.
The legal defense to a rape charge is generally to claim that either the sexual intercourse never took place, or, if it did, that the act was consensual.
That the victim was intoxicated at the time of the crime is actually irrelevant to whether a crime has been committed. So, if an intoxicated pedestrian was killed in that drunken driving scenario I mentioned, it does not alter the fact that the driver of the car is responsible for driving while intoxicated and for killing a pedestrian while in that state. Drivers are generally responsible for having their cars under control at all times, which includes being able to stop, or swerve, to avoid hitting pedestrians. Alcohol impairs vision and judgment, as well as significantly slowing reaction times, all of which contribute to the pedestrian fatality and the driver's accountability. The intoxicated pedestrian victim is not legally responsible, in any way, for the drunken driver's criminal acts. Similarly, a drunken rape victim is not responsible for the criminal actions of the rapist. And, being drunk does not absolve the rapist of criminal responsibility for the rape. Just as the law requires a driver to know whether he is sober when he gets behind the wheel of a car, the law requires that you know whether you have the other person's consent before you engage in sexual intercourse.
Again, you must remember that, under certain circumstances, engaging in sexual intercourse is regarded as a criminal act. Therefore, you have considerable responsibility for knowing whether you are about to commit a criminal act
before you engage in it. You must be sure that the legal conditions for consent are present before you have sexual intercourse. And this legal burden, to be sure of consent, falls on the person who is doing the sexual penetration of another person's body, since the law generally defines the sexual act in terms of penetration of the other's body. Disregarding objects, only males can penetrate the body of another person with their genitalia. Therefore, it is the male who must be sure that legal consent is present, or has been given, before engaging in intercourse with either a female or male partner.
I think it needlessly confuses your discussion to bring up issues like someone who changes her mind
after the fact, because of regrets of one sort or another, and reports the act as a rape. Legally that is not rape.
The sole issue in determining whether rape took place is whether legal consent was present at the time of the act of intercourse.
Someone who is so intoxicated she is barely aware that intercourse is occurring, is not legally consenting. Someone who is sleeping, or passed out, during intercourse, is not consenting. Someone who is so intoxicated she cannot resist, is not consenting. And someone who was so drunk that she can't even clearly remember what happened the night before, but wakes up in the morning and finds her panties pulled down, and evidence of semen on her sheets, might well feel that an unwanted sexual act was committed against her, without her knowing consent, and feel angry enough about it to lodge a legitimate rape complaint. That isn't the same as post decisional regret. Being so intoxicated that you have memory loss for what happened the night before, would indicate that aware, knowing consent was not given for the sexual act. Being that drunk does not constitute an invitation for sexual intercourse--being drunk might make the female available for sex, but it does not mean she is legally consenting, or even able to legally consent. A person who has sexual intercourse with a female in that state should know that they might be engaging in a criminal act, and they can be held accountable for such criminal behavior whether or not they were also intoxicated.
It is the person who feels they have been the victim of a criminal act who decides whether to lodge a rape complaint. Whether or not they were intoxicated at the time of the alleged crime might affect their credibility with the police or a jury, but it does not alter the accountability of the other party regarding a possible rape. Rape doesn't become non-rape just because the victim was drunk, any more than murder becomes non-murder because the victim was drunk. It is the lack of legal consent that would make the crime rape, and a victim may rightly, and legitimately, feel that the act was done without legal consent if she was quite drunk.
When all is said and done, it is a D.A., and not the victim, who decides whether the evidence merits formal rape charges, and the final legal decision regarding whether a rape took place rests with a judge or jury. The jury would have to be convinced, beyond a reasonable doubt, that consent was not present when the sexual intercourse occurred. And, if they were convinced, the rapist would be held accountable, whether or not he was intoxicated at the time of his actions.
Quote:the question is simple... legally can you or cant you make accountable decisions while intoxicated
The question isn't that simple. It's not just about
decisions, it's about
actions. And you must differentiate criminal from non-criminal actions in terms of accountability.
People are held legally responsible for
criminal actions they engage in while intoxicated.
They might well not be held legally responsible for
non-criminal actions done while intoxicated--including actions which seemed to indicate agreement, or consent (i.e. signing a contract or a Will). In other words, you might not be able to hold someone to a contract he signed while intoxicated because he can seek to have the contract voided given his mental state at the time it was signed.