Welcome to A2K, Kickycan,
Thankyou for bringing up such an interesting topic.
I think that humans have always had the ability to experience themselves as being a small part of something much larger. If you sit outside on a clear night (granted, that's probably a lot more difficult where you are
), you can experience a sense of belonging to something much larger. Mystics have experienced this sense of wholeness in many different cultures at many different times.
The information revolution is teaching us more about others. However, there will be limits on how much we can understand and how close technology can bring us.
In some ways modernity has increased our distance from the people around us, rather than brought us closer together. In small, close knit communities people are much closer to people around them than people are in big cities, where there are fewer kinship ties. People become more isolated from one another.
Travelling and learning about other people can give you more respect for other people's beliefs and broaden your understanding. However, it generates more questions rather than providing you with answers.
I think the experience you are discussing would have to be spiritual or religious rather than scientific. There is a limit to the amount we can know and, to this date, science has not answered any of the "big questions" conclusively.