Weird Words: Guy Fawkes night
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An annual British celebration on 5 November.
In itself, there's nothing uncommon or weird about this expression,
though it will not be so familiar to people outside Britain and the
Commonwealth. The festive day is also often called "bonfire night"
or "firework night". This year's celebration is special, however,
since 5 November 2005 is the 400th anniversary of the attempt by
Guy Fawkes and his fellow conspirators - as a Catholic protest
against the policies of the Protestant king, James I - to blow up
the Houses of Parliament and with it the king and peers who were
assembled for the state opening of Parliament.
For various reasons, this rather inept conspiracy became famous, in
part because of one-time strong anti-Catholic sentiment (the famous
celebrations in Lewes each year still burn the Pope in effigy). The
link of bonfires with the plot began the day it was discovered, as
Londoners were encouraged to light fires in the street to celebrate
the king's deliverance, provided that "this testemonye of joy be
carefull done without any danger or disorder". Fireworks became
associated with it in the 1650s. Guy Fawkes wasn't the ringleader,
but he became most deeply linked with the plot in the public mind
because he was discovered on the scene, having been deputed to
light the fuse.
The plot is also commemorated in the rhyme:
Remember, remember the fifth of November:
Gunpowder, treason, and plot.
We know no reason
Why gunpowder treason
Should ever be forgot!
Most famously, it also bequeathed us "guy". At first this meant the
effigy of Guy Fawkes traditionally burnt on the bonfire (children
once constructed guys and begged money with them for fireworks with
the cry "a penny for the guy!"). But it's also where "guy" in the
sense of a person comes from - it was originally applied to a man
of grotesque appearance, like a bonfire effigy, but when it was
taken to the US in the late nineteenth century it turned into a
neutral term for a man, more recently a person of either sex. It
was also used for a person who acted as a dupe in a confidence game
and led to the verb "to guy", to ridicule or hoax.
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