@lothar,
Simple answer is the following: “is” is used for singular and are is used for plural. However, an understanding of which grammatical application is the collective is necessary. A group is considered as a singular entity. Whereas, multiples of individual items (or of a disparate nature) is considered plural
As an an example: The flock has wandered off the paddock.
Whereas: Mary and her sister are tending to the sheep.