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Granted, civil disobedience works when the good hearted and reasonable outnumber the evil and unreasonable. It works better than violence although not immediately when you're dealing with a Winston Churchill or Lyndon B. Johnson because there is a chance to create opportunity for reasoning together. MLK appealed to the founding fathers' principle of liberty and pointed this out to the white majority.
This passage shows the problem with your thesis. The agents of the British society at the time were perfectly willing to do things that would kill peaceful Indians-- and Churchhill was a party to this. This is hardly good-hearted.
Likewise, the society of MLK was willing to unleash dogs on protesters and supported lynching. Much of society was a party to this. Again, good hearted is a problematic term in this context.
That of God in every man is a key to to the non-violent philosophy (this shows my Quaker roots). This is a belief that human beings have good in them, and if you confront them with their wrongs... you can reach this part.
There is power in this belief.
Let's look at the Nazi's as an extreme example. Could non-violence have worked? I think so... not from the Jews as you suggest, (who at this time had been dehumanized and were victims) but
Non-violence could have been a powerful tool in the hands of German liberals.
The key to the Nazi movement (or any other political movement) was that it was run by very evil people, and
accepted by a large part of the population. This acceptance is what needed to be brought to light. Had enough German people stood up in the face of a clearly evil leader... had they not been silent but had
refused to be a part of evil it would have been a very powerful weapon against the Nazi regime.
The reaction of the German people when they were confronted with the evils commited in their name is evidence of this. Had a peaceful movement existed to make them see the barbarism, it would have taken away their tacit acceptance and caused them to confront the horrors of their society much earlier.
Incidently there were non-violent acts that had a big effect-- Arthor Schindler, and Corrie Ten Boom for example. A brave public show of defiance by enough people may have had an even greater effect.
The biggest precept of non-violence is that a
righteous person will not do evil for any reason. The use of violence by others does not justify its use by you.
The most clear thoughts on this are from Jesus as recorded in the Gospels.
Jesus wrote:
"You have heard that it was said, 'Eye for eye, and tooth for tooth.' But I tell you, Do not resist an evil person. If someone strikes you on the right cheek, turn to him the other also. And if someone wants to sue you and take your tunic, let him have your cloak as well. If someone forces you to go one mile, go with him two miles. Give to the one who asks you, and do not turn away from the one who wants to borrow from you.
"You have heard that it was said, 'Love your neighbor and hate your enemy.' But I tell you: Love your enemies and pray for those who persecute you, that you may be sons of your Father in heaven. He causes his sun to rise on the evil and the good, and sends rain on the righteous and the unrighteous. If you love those who love you, what reward will you get? Are not even the tax collectors doing that? And if you greet only your brothers, what are you doing more than others? Do not even pagans do that? Be perfect, therefore, as your heavenly Father is perfect.
(Gospel of Matthew Chapter 5)
(emphasis mine)
The idea is the you should be righteous no matter what. Doing what is right as an individual is the best way to make the world a better place. This means not using violence in any circumstance.
You may be right that this is impractical in todays world, but I am not so sure....